Does The Gender Pay Gap Actually Exist - 1221 Words

Does the Gender Pay Gap Actually Exist? Lecture Outline: The concept of a pay gap between female and male workers has been around for decades, this is because countless studies seek to justify why women earn less than men, and in many disciplines women are more easily subjected to discrimination in comparison to their male counterparts. This unit exposes many underlining factors that ultimately determine whether the gender pay gap truly exists in the contemporary Western hemisphere. The scholarly field that correlates to this unit is economics and gender studies. ï  ¶ Song of the day: Benny - Little Game (Official Video) ï  ¶ Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNr3x1kVVEc ï  ¶ This song does a compelling job at†¦show more content†¦People are paid based on their human capital and since many women tend to enter fields such as psychology, nursing, and humanities they are likely to be paid less. While on the other hand, men tend to enter fields like engineering, therefore they are paid a higher wage that continues to grow higher annually. ï  ¶ Secondly, marital status and childbearing have a great impact on income. A vast majority of women take time off of work to have children, which subsequently results in them losing potential earnings during those years and after. The only discrimination that can be found among employers is when it comes to marriage and children. Married men with children pose less of a threat to their job status because they have their wives to take care of the children and housework. However, women with children are seen as a liability to employers because they have larger responsibilities in the household. On average women spend 167 hours engaging in non-paying work at home, such as cleaning and taking care of the children, while men only spend 100. ï  ¶ Lastly, society routinely encourages gender roles of the sexes, for example, boys are told to take interest in sports, cars, trucks, math, science, engineering, or to become doctors and lawyers. While girls are often encouraged to find interests in nursing, teaching, humanity courses, fashion, makeup, the colour pink, and

Key Players Decision Making in Terrorist Incidents Free Essays

Decision making is defined as â€Å"simply the act of choosing among available alternatives about which uncertainty exists† (Mingst, p. 457). However, decision making is not an easy process especially with the participiation of individuals within the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Players: Decision Making in Terrorist Incidents or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Individual elites or the â€Å"key players’† decisions and actions greatly affect the course of events as well as the situation of the country when one of various factors are present and one of which is during time of crisis like terrorist incidents (Mingst, p. 133). The decisions made by these elite individuals are influence by politics within the government which eventually affect their actions (Mingst p. 460). The effects of the choices that they make are not always advantageous as sometimes it have its adverse consequences in the situation of the ccountry. A good example to exemplified such idea is the aftermath of President George W. Bush’s decision to attack Iraq. Three imporatnt areas were badly affected by it, the country’s domestic cohesion, the international standing of the United States of America and the insecurity felt by those immediately affected by the decision. The domestic cohesion of the United States of America has been greatly affected by Pres. Bush’s decision . Many citizens especially the ones leaning towards the democratic side did not agree with his reasons of doing such in the name of U.S. battle against the war on terror. Moreover, the domestic consensus became much harder to achieve with the issue of personal gain. Opening   Iraq’s oil economy would greatly benefit the Bush family, being a member of one of the largest American oil company the Washington’s Carlyle Group (Chenoy, p. 23 ). A clear   indication of which is the drop in the approval ratings of the president after his speech that ordered the deployment of more troops in Iraq. Sixty percent of those who were surveyed expressed their disapproval in Pres. Bush’s performance (Iraq drives Bush’s rating to new low, 2006). Another area that is adversely afftected is the international standing of the country. Many states as well as international organizations are not in favor of the U.S. president’s course of action. This immediately put the country in a bad light especially its leader because the non-approval of these states emphasizes the illegitimacy of this action. A good example is the European Union (EU) that has been the country’s partner in economic activities but they didn’t support Bush’s action against Iraq. EU believes that America’s unilateral strategy would not benefit their multi-polar interest (Chenoy, p. 25 ). Lastly, is the effects of this decision to the citizens of Iraq as well as to the U.S. soldiers.  Ã‚   The war has left numerous casualties in terms of death tolls, damage to property, as well as the over all security of the country (Chenoy, p. 27). According to the Iraq Body Count Project (IBC), there were 947 civilian deaths reported between 1st and 27th of February this year (Enforced security: solution or stopgap?). The weight of an elite individual’s decisions and actions is greatly felt in crisis situation like terrorist incidents. The choices they make could have numerous effects in the country of their leadership and to others as well. Unfortunately, the politically driven decision of these â€Å"key players† could have adverse consequences in the lives of many people. Works Cited Chenoy, Anuradha. Demystifying Terrorism : a War Against Terror The Terror Of War, US   Ã‚  Ã‚   Hegemony Militarism. ARENA, 1997. â€Å"Enforced security: solution or stopgap?†. 28 February 2008. Iraq Body Count. 12 May 2008. https://www.iraqbodycount.org/analysis/beyond/enforced-security/. â€Å"Iraq drives Bush’s ratings to a new low†. 14 March 2006. CNN. 12 May 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ;http://edition.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/03/13/bush.poll/;. Mingst, Karen. Essentials of International Relations. Norton, 2001. How to cite Key Players: Decision Making in Terrorist Incidents, Essay examples

Big Data in Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Big Data in Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction According to Dumbill (2013), a supply chain is a complex and dynamic network of the supply and demand. On the other hand, researchers Marz and Warren (2015) define the term supply chain as that particular system of operational activities, resources, data sets and organizations that facilitate the transportation of any service or product from the production facility to the customer At present, Amazon is considered as one of the largest cloud computing and electronic commerce US based multinational organizations. Headquartered in Seattle, in Washington, Amazon is not only considered as the largest internet retailers of the world but is also known widely for its well-managed supply chain and delivery systems. The following sections of the report would provide a detailed discussion of the manner in which Amazon utilizes big data tools in its supply chain process. The report would also shed light on the basic differences in between online and offline big data tools and the manner in which such tools might be chosen so as to gain optimized results. Big data: the differences between online and offline big data Researchers McAfee et al. (2012) define big data as the technical term that is used for depicting those large and complex volumes of information (both structure and unstructured), which are deemed unmanageable by traditional database systems. Thus, Big data can be considered as those initiatives and technologies that can be utilized for managing data sets far too diverse, massive and dynamic for conventional technologies. Researchers Wu et al. (2014) are of the opinion that Big data technologies can be categorized into two sections: Online Big data and Offline Big data. In the following section of the report, detailed discussions on these subdivisions would be provided: Online Big data: According to Chen, Chiang and Storey (2012) big data that is generated, managed, transformed and analyzed in real time, so as to support various ongoing operational activities and provide online services to users, is considered as online big data. Thus, online big data can be precisely described as the big data that is created and managed over the internet. Online Big data tools are characterized by the ability to generate new data sets, along with the production of dynamic outputs. Offline Big data: According to Chen, Mao, and Liu (2014) big data technologies that facilitate the analysis and management (needless to say transformation) of big data in batch processes are considered as Offline Big data technologies. One of the most remarkable characteristics of offline Big data is the fact that not only these technological tools lack the capability of generating new data sets but are also restricted the generation of static outputs like reports and dashboard updates. The differences between online and offline big data are: Sl. No Characteristics Offline Big Data Online Big Data 1. Mode of operation Offline, data managed in batch context (Lohr 2012). Over the internet 2. Capability of generating new data sets Not capable Capable 3 Nature of Output Static Dynamic 4. Application Latency Minimum latency, as the performance of the systems, must meet the end user expectations (Provost and Fawcett 2013). Slow response is accepted, as the outcomes of such applications are not directly utilized in the operational activities of the organization. 5 Examples Business intelligence tools, ETL applications, Data warehouses, etc NoSQL databases like MongoDB(Kim et al. 2014). Selecting the right Big Data application for achieving the desired outcomes It is a well-known fact that the Big data technologies that are currently available in the market typically belong to two categories: operational workloads that allow the real time interaction with data and analytical workloads that allow the complex analysis of business data in an offline mode (Gandomi and Haider 2015). Since making the correct choice of the big data application (for achieving the desired outcome) is one of the most difficult tasks associate with the incorporation of big data technologies within the operational infrastructure of an organization, a well- accepted strategy for doing the same has been outlined in the section below: Defining the problem in the appropriate manner Researchers Kaisler e al. (2013) are of the opinion that the very first step towards selecting the big data tool is to identify and define the problem that the business is currently experiencing, so as to make sure of the fact that Big Data technologies would indeed be capable of solving them. On the other hand, Demchenko et al. (2013) recommend that during his particular phase, the organizational heads should consider all the data silos that are available to them, irrespective of the significant extent some of them might appear to be typically resistant to any further analysis by any big data tool. Determine the outcomes and benefit of solving the problem Authors Chen, Chiang, and Storey (2012) are of the opinion that once the problem has been defined, it is important to identify the possible outcomes of solving the same. Researchers Marz and Warren (2015) on the other hand are of the opinion that ranking the expected benefits would also help in selecting the appropriate big data tool (that is, the tool that provides the majority of the highly the functionalities outcomes becomes the winner!). Defining the strategies for measuring the progress of the project According to Gandomi and Haider (2015), it is important to define the policies that would be utilized to measure the progress of the task (that is, finding solutions to business problems with the help of big data technologies). The identification of this strategy would facilitate the process of monitoring the functions of the selected big data tool. Considering the end users In the final phase of the selection process, it is important to identify the end users of the system and the functionalities that each of the big data technologies would provide to these users. Researchers Provost and Fawcett (2013) are of the opinion that big data technologies that are selected as a result of considerations made in step 2, 3 and 4 are more often than not found to be the most suitable ones. Big Data technologies Researchers Kim, Trimi and Chung (2014) have pointed out the following big data technologies that are currently available in the market: Predictive analytics: Those software and hardware that allow organizations to develop and deploy business models by analyzing the big data sources that are available to them are termed as predictive analytical tools (Kaisler et al. 2015). Databases: NoSQL databases used for storing graphs, documents, and key values. Search and discovery tools: Big data solutions also include tools that are capable of extracting information from large repositories of structure and unstructured data. Steam Analytics: Researchers Demchenko et al. (2013) are of the opinion that software tools capable of filtering, aggregating and analyzing big data coming from several online sources are termed as stream analytic tools and are to be considered as one of the most essential big data technologies. Data virtualization: According to Kim, Trimi and Chung (2014) data virtualization is defined as that particular technology that facilitates the delivery of information from several distributed sources, including big data sources supported by Hadoop, in real time frame. Business Impact of Big Data According to researchers Waller and Fawcett (2013), Big data technologies can be utilized to manage the core functionalities of any supply chain process, namely business planning and operation. The following section of the report provides a detailed discussion on how the utilization of big data technologies can benefit the above-mentioned functionalities. Business planning: Forecasting: According to Feki, Boughzala and Wamba (2016), each activity and element associated with the Supply Chain process generate huge volumes of data that can be utilized effectively by Big data tools so as to make accurate supply and demand forecasts. Marketing and sales intelligence: It is a well-known fact that order management applications and tools are quite useful in collecting large volumes of customer information. Appropriate big data technologies can be utilized to analyze these data sets, as a part of a customized market research, so as to as to identify the geographical regions or business domains in which business activities can be expanded (Sanders 2014). Operations: Crowdsourced package delivery systems have been one of the greatest contributions of big data technologies in supply chain management systems: this has primarily been because big data technologies allow the match between the available drivers and the delivery times requested by the customers (Erevelles, Fukawa and Swayne 2016). Operational efficiency: Big data technologies have made significant contributions in increasing the operational efficiency of supply chains. Operational activities, like that of monitoring the supply routes, capacity planning and responding to bottle neck situations in real time are some of the activities that can essentially be benefitted by the incorporation of Big data technologies (Waller and Fawcett 2013). Organizational Impact of Big Data Researchers Erevelles, Fukawa and Swayne (2016) are of the opinion that most retail organizations, the task of optimizing the retail and logistics chain are considered as one of the most difficult activities. However, the authors consider this very activity to be one of the greatest opportunities that can be taken for improving their services, all the while reducing their costs. In an attempt to grab the above mentioned opportunity, Amazon has introduced the concept of anticipatory shipping'- a method that allows the organization to start shipping even before the customer has placed the order (Whitmore 2014). In fact, in 2012, the enterprise had filed a patent application for the system, describing its functionalities as the method and system for anticipatory package shipping,and was awarded with the patent in the following year. Although the details of the said system (algorithm to be very precise) have not yet been revealed by the organization, the patent summary description of the same reveals it to be a system that allows the retailer to send packages to particular geographical regions, without any specific address. These particular attributes of the system have encouraged Leveling, Edelbrock and Otto (2014) to consider it as a significant improvement over traditional predictive analytical tools. The information available from the patent document indicates that Amazon utilizes the data available from the previous activities of a user to run the anticipatory shipping system (Cuthbertson, Furseth and Ezell 2015). These activities might include the time at which he/ she had logged in, the time that has been spent on reviewing the products available on the website, the links that have been clicked and the queries placed by the customer with the sales team. As for example, in case the local residents of Sydney order a lot of scarves in August, the local order fulfillment centers of the city would be stocked with scarves at this particular time of the year. However, the shipments would only be made when Amazon's shipping system receives the actual orders (and the delivery addresses) (Whitmore 2014). According to Leveling, Edelbrock and Otto (2014), the anticipatory shipping method demonstrates the finest manner in which Big Data technologies can be utilized in optimizing supply chain processes: in fact, the introduction of this particular system now allows Amazon to provide guaranteed 2-day deliveries, thus ensuring customer satisfaction. Conclusion Experts in the domain of information technology have often pointed out the fact that Big data and supply chain are a made for each other pair: partly due to the enormous amount of data generated by supply chain processes on a daily basis and partly due to the immense strength of Big data technologies in analyzing voluminous data and generating patterns from the same. The preceding sections of the report provide a detailed discussion on the big data technologies that are currently being utilized for the management of supply chain and logistics. The discussions provided in section 2 of the report sum up to the fact that, based on the mode in which the analysis of Big data collected from various sources is made, Big data technologies can be subdivided into two categories: online big data operating in real time domain and offline big data emphasizing on the batch processing of enterprise data. On the other hand, the discussions provided in section 3 of the report reveal that the selection of big data technologies to be utilized in an organization require to be made based on the benefits available to it. Section 4 and 5 of the report provide an in-depth discussion on the benefit of the utilization of Big data technologies in supply chain process. In the light of the discussions made in these sections, it can thus be concluded that the incorporation of Big Data technologies increases the efficiency of supply chain processes to a significant extent. References Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Chen, M., Mao, S. and Liu, Y., 2014. Big data: a survey.Mobile Networks and Applications,19(2), pp.171-209. Cuthbertson, R., Furseth, P.I. and Ezell, S.J., 2015. Amazon and Borders: From Sector Focus to Competence Focus. InInnovating in a Service-Driven Economy(pp. 130-144). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Demchenko, Y., Grosso, P., De Laat, C. and Membrey, P., 2013, May. Addressing big data issues in scientific data infrastructure. InCollaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 48-55). IEEE. Dumbill, E., 2013. Making sense of big data.Big Data,1(1), pp.1-2. Erevelles, S., Fukawa, N. and Swayne, L., 2016. Big Data consumer analytics and the transformation of marketing.Journal of Business Research,69(2), pp.897-904. Feki, M., Boughzala, I. and Wamba, S.F., 2016. Big Data Analytics-enabled Supply Chain Transformation: A Literature. Gandomi, A. and Haider, M., 2015. Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics.International Journal of Information Management,35(2), pp.137-144. Kaisler, S., Armour, F., Espinosa, J.A. and Money, W., 2013, January. Big data: issues and challenges moving forward. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 995-1004). IEEE. Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. Big-data applications in the government sector.Communications of the ACM,57(3), pp.78-85. Leveling, J., Edelbrock, M. and Otto, B., 2014, December. Big data analytics for supply chain management. In2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management(pp. 918-922). IEEE. Lohr, S., 2012. The age of big data.New York Times,11. Marz, N. and Warren, J., 2015.Big Data: Principles and best practices of scalable realtime data systems. Manning Publications Co.. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T.H., Patil, D.J. and Barton, D., 2012. Big data.The management revolution. Harvard Bus Rev,90(10), pp.61-67. Provost, F. and Fawcett, T., 2013. Data science and its relationship to big data and data-driven decision making.Big Data,1(1), pp.51-59. Sanders, N.R., 2014.Big Data Driven Supply Chain Management: A Framework for Implementing Analytics and Turning Information Into Intelligence. Pearson Education. Waller, M.A. and Fawcett, S.E., 2013. Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management.Journal of Business Logistics,34(2), pp.77-84. Whitmore, A., 2014. Could Information Technology Enable Efficient Central Economic Planning?.Available at SSRN 2524877. Wu, X., Zhu, X., Wu, G.Q. and Ding, W., 2014. Data mining with big data.IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,26(1), pp.97-107.

The Fountainhead Essays - The Fountainhead, Ayn Rand, Objectivism

The Fountainhead Philosophy demands literature that can abet the understanding of social views. Without reflective literature, man cannot begin to comprehend the essential messages behind philosophy. One such philosophy, objectivism, is represented exceptionally by the timeless novel, The Fountainhead. Through the use of compelling dialogue, Ayn Rand reveals her own feelings towards objectivism, and her thoughts towards conformity and independence. The interpretations and the implications of several of the quotes within The Fountainhead accurately depict the essence of objectivism and encourages the opposition of conventional standards through the embodiment of the uncompromising innovator "standing against the world." Society dictates that there will be those that follow and those that will lead the followers. Peter Keating is one that adheres to conformity; a man of little independent thought, a follower. Howard Roark, on the other hand, is a man aspiring to achieve a level of complete and utter independence from traditional principles. One telling passage occurs in a scene where Keating and Roark are discussing architecture. Keating: "How do you always manage to decide?" Roark: "How can you let others decide for you?" As two men on the extreme sides of conformity and independence, it is hard for Keating to understand how someone could be so sure of himself, whereas it is incomprehensible for Roark to believe that Keating could have so little self-assurance and such a lack of resolve regarding the decisions he chooses to make. In this regard, Howard Roark is greater than Peter Keating. Often times in world affairs, smaller nations adhere to a state of Finlandization; they buckle under the pressures of a larger nation because they lack the strength to strive for independent thought. Howard Roark, is a man who refuses to succumb to that greater entity and is able to think and judge for himself. Egotism is defined as an exaggerated sense of self importance. Often times, independence and conformity play a very large part in egotism. Whether a man is a conformist or non- conformist, he is affected to some degree by his own egotism. Is ego, then, harmful or beneficial to our growth and self- actualization? Katie, a somewhat ineffectual minor character had a very revealing discussion with her uncle, Ellsworth Toohey, regarding her unhappiness. Toohey: "If your first concern is for what you are or think or feel or have or haven't got---you're still a common egotist." Katie: "You mean, I must want to be unhappy?" Toohey: "No. You must stop wanting anything." Ellsworth Toohey, the humanitarian, is stating that when a person's first thoughts are about themself, than they are an egotist. Yet, to some degree, isn't everyone an egotist? If man does not care about himself, his feelings, or his possessions, and has just given up on the world, than what is that man? He is most likely be a Howard Roark. So, when Toohey advises his niece Katie to stop wanting anything, he is saying that to live a life of conceit is immoral, and that desire is a non-essential. What is essential to fulfillment, however, is dedication to and desire for commitment in our relationships and our life's work. Dominique: "Roark, I can accept anything, except what seems to be the easiest for most people: the half-way, the almost, the just-about, the in- between." In the American work force today, all too often there is a lack of concern for the quality of work accomplished. In our educational system, students often times only do enough to simply "get by." Dominique perceives people as lazy, and to her that is just unacceptable. To some degree Peter Keating is lazy because of his reluctance to broaden his architectural horizons and create; he simply copies the same design repeatedly with little variance. Dominique also makes a social statement by implying that society needs to reevaluate its work ethic and lack of care. She insinautes that while existing in a state of conformity, carelessness is often times overlooked as a problem. Roark takes this need for dedication one step further; he punctuates his life with not only devotion but also a maverick style that was all important to his feelings of self worth. Roark: "Independence is the only gauge of human virtue and value. What a man is and makes of himself-- not what he has or hasn't done for others." A man is defined by his actions. Peter Keating, for example, might be described as a good friend and an outstanding architect, but in reality he is a very shallow man. Never did he design any

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool

The Future of Early Education Importance of Preschool Did you know that  Forbes.com reports that the Department of Education has awarded almost $250 million in an effort to ensure that development of early education programs, preschool, continue to best serve children from low- and moderate-income families? This is one example of the Presidents long-standing plan to offer free, universal pre-school for these families. However, President Trumps latest budget for 2019 education appears to be reducing funding   for schools. As we know, in President Obamas 2013 State of the Union address he unveiled his plan for universal Pre-K or pre-kindergarten education for four-year-olds. His plan would guarantee kids whose household income is at or below 200% of the poverty line a free pre-K education with local schools and local partners, and their teachers would have the same training as K-12 teachers. In addition, the programs would offer many of the benefits of private school pre-kindergarten programs, including small class sizes, high adult-to-child ratios, and assessment of the programs provided. The program would also expand the number of full-day kindergarten programs available. Unease in Regards to the Future of Early Childhood Education However, despite these advancements, there is unease as a result of the new leadership of our nation coming; many people are unsure about the future of early childhood programs. Betsy DeVos has been chosen by President Donald Trump to take on the role of Education Secretary, and her position on pre-school funding is not clear; the same can be said for the President. As a result, there are some who are uncomfortable with the uncertainty, and the latest budget developments are not alieviating fears.   Why Pre-Kindergarten is So Important While many private schools offer high-quality pre-kindergarten programs and full-day kindergartens, providing enriching educational opportunities for children under age 6, many children who attend public schools, particularly children living in poverty, do not have access to these programs. According to the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) in New Brunswick, New Jersey, 28% of 4-year-olds were enrolled in a pre-kindergarten program in the 2011-2012 school year, which represents an increase over the 14% of four-year-olds who did so in 2002. Yet, pre-kindergarten programs are critical to children’s long-term success, and experts at NIEER have documented that children who have been enrolled in high-quality pre-kindergarten programs enter kindergarten with better vocabularies and more advanced pre-reading and math skills than children who don’t have access to these programs. Kids enrolled in pre-k programs aren’t just learning how to recognize letters and numbers; they are also learning critical social skills and the importance of working independently in the classroom. Through high-quality pre-k programs, they develop the confidence to take on more advanced classroom work. Many children struggle with social skills and behavioral problems in kindergarten, and many children are even kicked out of kindergarten. Pre-kindergarten programs are essential in teaching kids the social skills they need for later grades, not just the academic skills. Pre-K Benefits Last a Lifetime The benefits of pre-kindergarten education last well beyond kindergarten. According to research conducted by NIEER, there are amazing long-term economic benefits from early childhood education for children in poverty. For example, life-time earnings of some children increase by hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the economics benefits of these programs outweigh the costs by a factor of up to 16 (in some programs). In addition, such programs show that participants have lower crime rates and decreased rates of welfare dependence as adults, so the benefits of early childhood education can last a lifetime. According to the White House Fact Sheet on Obama’s educational plan, children from low-income families are less likely to have access to pre-kindergarten programs, and middle-class families also struggle to afford private pre-school programs, yet these programs are critical to children’s long-term school success. Children from low-income families who are not reading at grade level by third grade are six times less likely to graduate from high school. According to the Fact Sheet from the White House, only 60% of American children have access to full-day kindergarten programs, yet these programs are also essential to teaching children skills critical skills for later academic success. Pre-kindergarten programs are a promising way to reduce adult poverty in this country and to provide the essential skills workers need as adults. Working with at-risk children in the primary or middle school years may be too late, and while private schools offer high-quality pre-school and early education programs, research studies have documented the need to expand these programs to state-funded programs across the country. Article updated by Stacy Jagodowski

Bacterial Growth Requirements

Microorganisms can survive where most cannot due to their size, nutritional needs, energy requirements, and are very good at adapting to different environments (Black 2008). Microorganisms require two things to live a long healthy life, and these are physical and nutritional factors. Physical factors include pH, temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and radiation (Black 2008). Nutritional factors include carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements, and sometimes vitamins (Black 2008). For the purpose of this exercise I will focus on E. coli. Pathogenic Escherichia coli will be discussed since it is a common, but dangerous bacterium. E. coli in humans is found in the intestines. This bacterium is very durable, meaning that it is well-adapted to its habitat. For example, it can grow with glucose being the only food source. This bacterium can also grow with or without O2. If located in anaerobic habitat it can it will use the fermentation process producing mixed acids and gases (Todar 2012). This bacterium has shown that it can also use anaerobic respiration when NO3 or NO2 is available. Chemicals, pH, temperature, are a few signals that determines how E. coli will respond (Todar 2012). When it senses a change in the environment it can swim toward or away from anything useful or harmful. Temperature can also affect E. coli. A change in temperature allows E. coli to change pore diameter of its outer membrane to accommodate certain nutrients, or to exclude something harmful. E. coli also rations its nutrient supply by taking in account how much is available in its environment. This means that it will not take in nutrients unless it has enough to feed more bacteria that will be produced (Todar 2012). As you can see, this amazing microbe has the ability to adapt to its environment and in some case overcome. Imagine the microbes that are out there that has not be identified yet. Reference Black, J. (2008). Microbiology principals and explorations. (7th Edition ed. ). Jefferson City: GGS Book Services. Todar, K. (2012). Todars online textbook of bacteriology. Retrieved from http://www. textbookofbacteriology. net/e. coli. html Bacterial Growth Requirements Microorganisms can survive where most cannot due to their size, nutritional needs, energy requirements, and are very good at adapting to different environments (Black 2008). Microorganisms require two things to live a long healthy life, and these are physical and nutritional factors. Physical factors include pH, temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and radiation (Black 2008). Nutritional factors include carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements, and sometimes vitamins (Black 2008). For the purpose of this exercise I will focus on E. coli. Pathogenic Escherichia coli will be discussed since it is a common, but dangerous bacterium. E. coli in humans is found in the intestines. This bacterium is very durable, meaning that it is well-adapted to its habitat. For example, it can grow with glucose being the only food source. This bacterium can also grow with or without O2. If located in anaerobic habitat it can it will use the fermentation process producing mixed acids and gases (Todar 2012). This bacterium has shown that it can also use anaerobic respiration when NO3 or NO2 is available. Chemicals, pH, temperature, are a few signals that determines how E. coli will respond (Todar 2012). When it senses a change in the environment it can swim toward or away from anything useful or harmful. Temperature can also affect E. coli. A change in temperature allows E. coli to change pore diameter of its outer membrane to accommodate certain nutrients, or to exclude something harmful. E. coli also rations its nutrient supply by taking in account how much is available in its environment. This means that it will not take in nutrients unless it has enough to feed more bacteria that will be produced (Todar 2012). As you can see, this amazing microbe has the ability to adapt to its environment and in some case overcome. Imagine the microbes that are out there that has not be identified yet. Reference Black, J. (2008). Microbiology principals and explorations. (7th Edition ed. ). Jefferson City: GGS Book Services. Todar, K. (2012). Todars online textbook of bacteriology. Retrieved from http://www. textbookofbacteriology. net/e. coli. html Bacterial Growth Requirements The nutritional requirements of a bacterium such as E Coli are revealed by the cell’s elemental composition. These elements are found in the form of water, inorganic ions, small molecules and macromolecules which serve either a structural or functional role in the cells. Bacteria thrive by four things oxygen, food (nutrients), warmth and time but two others can be moisture and acidity. Nutrients are needed for energy, nitrogen (for DNA and proteins), phosphorus (for energy), and others. Warmth is needed so the bacteria can stay warm. Oxygen is needed so the bacteria can make energy and time is needed for the bacteria to complete binary fission over and over again. Acidity is needed so the bacteria can survive in its environment. Highly base or acidic environments may harm the bacteria and hinder its lifespan. In order to survive and grow, microorganisms require a source of energy and nourishment. Bacteria are the most primitive forms of microorganisms but are composed of a great variety of simple and complex molecules and are able to carry out a wide range of chemical transformations. Depending on their requirements and the source of energy used they are classified into different nutritional groups. Most microorganisms grow well at the normal temperatures favored by man, higher plants and animals. Certain bacteria grow at temperatures (extreme heat or cold) at which few higher organisms can survive. Most bacteria grow best in an environment with a narrow pH range near neutrality between pH 6. 5 and 7. 5. Microbes contain approximately 80-90% water and I f placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration will lose water which causes shrinkage of the cell. Some bacteria have adapted so well to high salt concentrations that they actually require them for growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus are particularly critical because they often control the rates of photosynthesis. Carbon is significantly more abundant than either of them and oxygen and sulfur are more abundant that phosphorous. Nitrogen and phosphorous are less available to plants relative to their growth requirements than are other elements. Phosphorus is often in short supply and limits plant and algae growth. Nitrogen is a major constituent of all proteins and of all living organisms. A lack of nitrogen can limit growth of plants, since nearly three quarters of its atmosphere consists of natural gas, N2. REFERENCES A New Way to Look at Microorganisms. (n. d). American Scientist, 93(6), 514. Bacterial Growth Requirements The nutritional requirements of a bacterium such as E Coli are revealed by the cell’s elemental composition. These elements are found in the form of water, inorganic ions, small molecules and macromolecules which serve either a structural or functional role in the cells. Bacteria thrive by four things oxygen, food (nutrients), warmth and time but two others can be moisture and acidity. Nutrients are needed for energy, nitrogen (for DNA and proteins), phosphorus (for energy), and others. Warmth is needed so the bacteria can stay warm. Oxygen is needed so the bacteria can make energy and time is needed for the bacteria to complete binary fission over and over again. Acidity is needed so the bacteria can survive in its environment. Highly base or acidic environments may harm the bacteria and hinder its lifespan. In order to survive and grow, microorganisms require a source of energy and nourishment. Bacteria are the most primitive forms of microorganisms but are composed of a great variety of simple and complex molecules and are able to carry out a wide range of chemical transformations. Depending on their requirements and the source of energy used they are classified into different nutritional groups. Most microorganisms grow well at the normal temperatures favored by man, higher plants and animals. Certain bacteria grow at temperatures (extreme heat or cold) at which few higher organisms can survive. Most bacteria grow best in an environment with a narrow pH range near neutrality between pH 6. 5 and 7. 5. Microbes contain approximately 80-90% water and I f placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration will lose water which causes shrinkage of the cell. Some bacteria have adapted so well to high salt concentrations that they actually require them for growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus are particularly critical because they often control the rates of photosynthesis. Carbon is significantly more abundant than either of them and oxygen and sulfur are more abundant that phosphorous. Nitrogen and phosphorous are less available to plants relative to their growth requirements than are other elements. Phosphorus is often in short supply and limits plant and algae growth. Nitrogen is a major constituent of all proteins and of all living organisms. A lack of nitrogen can limit growth of plants, since nearly three quarters of its atmosphere consists of natural gas, N2. REFERENCES A New Way to Look at Microorganisms. (n. d). American Scientist, 93(6), 514.

Choose two (2) activities from the list of seven (7) reflective, Assignment

Choose two (2) activities from the list of seven (7) reflective, analytical and experiential activities presented below. Each ac - Assignment Example I am a resident of United States and have gone to China for my job in a multinational company. There I have experienced a different culture altogether, which does not match with the culture of China. At first I was very much excited to embrace a new culture but slowly I understood that it is very stressful to get adapted and embrace a totally new culture. The first problem that was faced by me was the communication problem. But what really made me survive in the new country and saved me from my work and personal life complications, is the Zen meditation. I first came to know about the practice when one day a meditation class was arranged for the team members of the company. The meditation concept was decided by our employer, who understood our stressful condition and gave us the opportunity to improve our mind state and concentrate on our work. I was very much excited about the concept as I have never experienced such classes. The meditation class was held after the working hours. Af ter attending the class I liked the whole concept of the activity and was very much interested to know more about the activity (Thorby, 2011). Analysis Zen meditation is developed within the Japanese Zen Buddhism. The Zen practice is very effective to human body as it provides deep relaxation both physically as well as mentally. The meditation connects us with the subconscious part of our mind and assists us to link with our consciousness with the inner world of our mind. Thus, the practice helps us to connect with the inner garden of our mind in time and reduce stress to give us easiness. It takes us to that level where we can reduce our daily tension in our work and non-work life. When we are contended with our action, behavior and have reduced stress that we are going through, we improve our connection with the outside world. This increases the joy and vitality of our life and makes us more creative. This will increase the vitality and joy of our life and makes us concentrate on the creativity. The regular practice enhances and strengthens the self concentration, brings improvement in the balance of our body and helps to increase our mental strength. It assists in integrating those parts of our body, which has blocked vitality and perception that provides us with safer platform in life. The meditation practice mainly focuses on the central part of our body and mind. The practice is very easy and can be exercised easily be practiced without having any religious inclinations. The concept was first developed in Soto School and in this school Zen means sitting. The practice is also called ZaZen which gives us the meaning true sitting (Stevenson, 2012). It is totally a new culture to me and following the Soto tradition and meditating in the same way as they do is quite impossible if not practiced well. We all know that as an instrument of feeling and perception, our body is the main focus of our mind. If our body is relaxed we are bound to stay happy. Any type o f stress or tension disturbs our relaxed minds and thus it also harms our thought process and thus we become irritated very fast. Thus, it is very important to make our body relaxed, so that it does not affect our mind and thought process. Another critical activity of our body is breathing and apart from body it is

Strategic management developement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Strategic management developement - Essay Example All these resources may become useless unless the organization formulate suitable strategies to exploit it. For example, Apple Inc was on the verge of destruction in 80’s and 90’s because of the loop holes in the strategic management of its business. However, Steve Jobs changed the business strategies of Apple Inc during the latter part of 90’s and at the beginning of 2000. The transformation of Apple Company from a computer company to a consumer electronics company has brought huge success. At present, Apple Inc. is the second largest company in the world in terms of market capitalization and they are the most valuable technology company in the world. At the same time, Microsoft was the leader in IT industry until a couple of years before. Same thing cannot be said about them now. Samsung is another company which was successful in developing suitable business strategies to increase its competitive power in global market. In short, strategic management of busines s is the most important topic in the organizational world at present. This paper analyses various theories with respect to strategic management in general and Porters five Forces Model theory in specific. General Discussion: Strategic Management â€Å"Good strategy is about letting alone and about creating the conditions of innovative adaptations† (Robert and Holt, 2009, p.56). Innovation is the key for organizational success. In the absence of innovative strategies, organizations may struggle to survive in the heavily competitive business world. As mentioned earlier, Apple Inc. is one company which showed the importance of innovation to the business world recently. It should be noted that Nokia was the leader in the mobile phone industry until recent times. They thought that nobody can question their supremacy in the mobile phone industry. Apple proved Nokia wrong. When all the traditional mobile phone manufacturing companies thought about enhancing the features of mobile ph ones, Apple thought differently and developed the touchscreen phone. The entry of iPhone in the mobile phone market caused huge problems to mobile phone manufacturers including Nokia. At present Apple is one among the top two mobile phone manufacturers in the world. In fact Nokia and other mobile phone manufacturers forced to follow the path of Apple. According to De Wit and Meyer (2010), â€Å"the four components of strategy are market opportunity, corporate competence and resources, personal values and aspirations and acknowledged obligations to segments of society other than stakeholders (p.76). Sustainable business practice is gaining grounds at present. It is impossible for modern organizations to excel in the market without showing commitments to corporate social responsibility. Companies which follow unethical business behaviours are blacklisted by the modern consumers. The reputation and brand image of the company is important things for the modern consumers. In short, ethi cal business practices are part of strategic business management at present. â€Å"Since the world is changing rapidly, we can also expect the firm’s strategy to do so. This may involve developing new bases of competitive advantage or completely new lines of business†(Fitzroy and Hulbert, 2004, p.5). Diversification of business is one of the major elements in strategic management. It should be noted that competition is increasing day by day in global market after the introduction of globalization. Along with existing players, new players are also

World War IIs Influence on Mexicans Essay Example for Free

World War IIs Influence on Mexicans Essay It is without a doubt that World War II had a great impact on our nation as a whole. This is because the war required changes and sacrifices for most individuals and was viewed as one’s patriotic duty. As with any life changing event, there were bad and good consequences that were a direct result of World War II. Significant changes took place during World War II that directly affected Mexicans in the United States. Although there were some positive effects on a national level, most remembered are the negative ones that impacted the Mexican communities in Los Angeles, California. It is what became to be known as the Zoot Suit Riots. To understand the Mexican community’s point of view of their treatment during the riots, one first needs to know how the Mexican community became established in Los Angeles along with contributing factors that heightened the general public’s hatred towards them. World War II had drafted a large amount of young men that left jobs such as farm hand and factory labor unfilled. The Federal Government then started the Bracero Program that recruited and transported Mexican nationals to the United States to fill these positions. Many Mexican nationals had children while here in America and these children were Mexican-Americans. These youth had a hard time identifying with anyone and were looked at as degenerates. Adding to this viewpoint was the living conditions of their neighborhoods called barrios. The barrios popped up quickly near major employers and were known for dirt streets, small huts, no sanitation, no running water, or other city services. Since the youth were unable to establish themselves among other youth they formed their own groups called gangs. The gangs were formed by young men that shared common circumstances. This usually included their low social status, poor and overpopulated neighborhoods, minimal supervision by parents, and their little trust in or from the law. Typically they were looked at as disturbed youth. However, within their social system, their gangs were made up of a select membership and specific attire which Martinez 2 they viewed as first class. The attire they chose was the Zoot Suit which consisted of colorful long coats, baggy pants, a hat, a long key chain and thick soled shoes. Adverse views of Mexicans were on the rise during World War II. One contributing factor was the pro war posters placed for all to view. The posters encouraged community effort to support the war through gardening, carpooling, rationing and purchasing bonds. The people portrayed in these posters appeared to be of Caucasian descent while the enemies were portrayed with color and black hair. Suspicion of who to trust was also put in the public’s mind with a poster illustrating a woman with dark hair and eyes that had a grim stare. No doubt the color of people illustrated on the posters guided the public’s mind to believe that people of any color other than white were the enemy (Prater 2014). In addition, while the country was at war there was a constant fear and talk of spies and traitors among civilians. This fear led to the suspicion that secret agents of the enemy had successfully influenced the Mexican-American youth making them traitors. Of course signs posted at various locations around town stating things such as â€Å"No Mexicans† and â€Å"No Dogs, Mexicans, Negros† not only served as a reminder to Mexicans on how they were viewed, but also made the White people feel justified in their prejudice towards Mexicans. In August of 1942, teenagers from the 38th Street Gang were heading for a popular swimming hole called Sleepy Lagoon. Earlier two teenagers in that gang, Hank Leyvas and his girlfriend Dora, had been beaten by another neighborhood gang at the Sleepy Lagoon swimming hole. Although they had left after the fight, they were now returning with a large group of friends to look for their attackers to defend their honor. As they neared the swimming hole and found no one, they decided to go to a party that could be heard through the trees. They thought that they would find their attackers at this party. Although the fight that followed resembled a Martinez 3 classic teenager fight that lasted only ten minutes, the discovery of a dead body would change the lives of many Mexicans. When the dead body of Jose Diaz was found, six hundred Mexican-American youth were rounded up by the Los Angeles Police Department. This eventually led to twenty-two alleged members of the 38th Street Gang being accused of murder. On October 13, 1942 People v. Zamora went to trial and lasted through January 12, 1943 (Tovares 2002). One powerful tactic that amplified hatred towards Mexicans and eventually led to the enactment of the riots, was the information printed in the newspapers. Anytime a Mexican was arrested, it made the headlines and was used as a source to provoke the police to arrest more. Of course it didn’t help that these articles would be placed next to articles regarding Japan’s threatening actions in World War II which seemed to hint that the Mexican-American youth were a local threat. Tensions were further heightened when as many as 50,000 servicemen were on leave and flooded their Los Angeles playground. In Los Angeles they would seek booze, women and fights to have some fun. Many civilians endured the drunken Servicemen to show their support of the war and some did not. Unfortunately, most fights were instigated with Mexicans as they were the biggest minority group in Los Angeles. As animosity grew between the Servicemen and Mexican-American youth, so did the rumors. The rumors in the barrios said that Sailors were looking for Mexican girls while stories on military bases told of brutal retaliation enacted on soldiers who dared to associate with Mexican females. The consequence of all these factors exploded on May 31, 1943 when a group of servicemen passed a group of young Mexican-American boys. One serviceman thought he was going to be attacked and grabbed the arm of a young Mexican-American boy. The serviceman immediately fell to the ground unconscious from a strike on the head. The Zoot Suit Riots had Martinez 4 begun. On June 3, 1943, about fifty servicemen with homemade weapons headed downtown looking for â€Å"Zoot-Suiters†. They ended up in a Theater, turned on the lights and found 12 and 13 year old boys wearing Zoot Suits. The servicemen tore off their suits, clubbed the boys and set fire to the remains of their suits. Despite the fact that reports of the incident had reached the Armory Watch Commander, the servicemen about to be jailed were released without any charges. On both dates, the Servicemen were only focused on finding and attacking anyone wearing a Zoot Suit. However, subsequent riots on June 4, 5, 6, and 7 now included entire Mexican neighborhoods. They would storm into any public place within these neighborhoods and attack all Mexicans. Police did not attempt to stop any of the violence and the Military seemed to be cautious of potential negative press if the servicemen were arrested more than the violence they were committing. The press, on the other hand, would promote the riots on June 6 and 7 by publishing a warning that Zoot-Suiters were planning to retaliate. Not only did this ensure increased sales, but it also certified that a large crowd would be there for the show (Williams 1943, 818-820). The rioting was finally under some control when on the morning of June 8, Senior Military Officials announced that Los Angeles was off limits to Marines, Sailors and Soldiers (Zoot Suit Discovery Guide 2014). Although Mexicans endured much prejudice and persecution during World War II, there were some positive aspects that came as a result of their suffering that continued developing even after the war. The Office of War Information promised to furnish political information in Spanish. They also were going to inform English speakers of the contributions in war that Mexicans made. This would most likely include acknowledgement of the 350,000 Mexican-Americans that not only served in the Armed Forces, but won seventeen medals of honor. Also, Los Angeles County gave teachers of Mexican students a workshop so that they Martinez 5 could provide better assistance to them. Political organizations would now support Chicano candidates as well as assist Mexican’s with language and citizenship classes and help in obtaining government services. In conclusion, it would do our nation good if we all could remember and apply the words of Martin Luther King in his speech entitled â€Å"The Rising Tide of Racial Consciousness† on September 6, 1960. â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. Therefore, no American can afford to be apathetic about the problem of racial justice. It is a problem that meets every man at his front door. † (Jr. 1960) Martinez 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY Jr. , Martin Luther King. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Paper Project. September 6, 1960. http://mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu/primarydocuments/Vol5/6Sept1960_TheRisingT ideofRacialConsciousnessAddressattheGold. pdf (accessed April 7, 2014). Prater, Carrie. Module 8: World War II Powerpoint Presentation. San Jose, April 3, 2014. The Zoot Suit Riots. Directed by Joseph Tovares. 2002. Williams, Carey Mc. The Zoot-Suit Riots. The New Republic, June 21, 1943: 3. Zoot Suit Discovery Guide. 2014. http://research. pomona. edu/zootsuit/en/riots/ (accessed 4 7, 2014).

Kudler Fine Foods Database Project Essay -- on-line ordering system bu

Kudler Fine Foods Database Project Background and Business Application Proposal Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store, servicing the fine food conesouer from their three California locations. Kudler's business objective is to maximize profits by offering the highest quality products at competitive prices. Through adding the on-line ordering system, Kudler hopes to boost profits by increasing their customer base beyond customers in their local areas. The Kudler on-line ordering system will add three important advantages to Kudler customers. First, the on-line ordering system will allow current Kudler customers to access the system, place their order, and have it ready for pickup when they arrive at the store. The second benefit for Kudler?s on-line clientele is the added convenience of local delivery service. This feature, allows the customer to place their order and select a timeframe in which the order will be delivered to their home or place of business. The third and final new offering from Kudler will be worldwide shipping. Using major shippin g companies, such as Federal Express, UPS and DHL, Kudler will provide next day shipping to customers from around the world. Database Revisions to support Application Proposal In order to implement these new services, the current Kudler database needs to be examined and revised. The current database is in a Microsoft Access format and provides a basic inventory system, as well as a list of current customers...

Discovery Speech Essay

â€Å"People do change – individuals, families, nations – and the pace of transformation need not be geological.â€Å" â€Å"It’s the pointless things that give your life meaning. Friendship, compassion, art, love. All of them pointless. But they’re what keeps life from being meaningless. â€Å" Discoveries reveal once hidden aspects of ourselves and others ** Discoveries that are acquired through struggle and adversity can provide a unique and lasting impact if the individual is receptive to these experiences Discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful understandings of our relationships and our place within the wider world ‘Discoveries can be fresh and intensely meaningful in ways that may be emotional, creative, intellectual, physical and spiritual.’ Discovery is a complex and ubiquitous concept, the nature of being will often expose the individual to new experiences that are intensely meaningful. Discoveries that are new and refreshing can reveal once hidden aspects of the individual and others; while discoveries that are acquired through struggle and adversity can provide a unique and lasting impact if the individual is receptive to these experiences. Through his play, Away (1986) Michael Gow examines the human condition and how experiences of discovery shape our physical and intellectual well-being. Similarly, Tim Winton, in his intriguing short story Big World also reveals how discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful understandings of our relationships and our place within the wider world. Both composers, through structural devices, characterisation and deliberate language choices represent the way discovery contributes to the human condition in ways that are fresh and truly meaningful. Discoveries reveal once hidden aspects of ourselves and others. These hidden aspects can often reveal to an individual parts of themselves that will shape who they will become. Through the short story Big World; Winton shows the audience that when the protagonist met his ‘best mate Biggie’ and made the spontaneous decision to leave his small town, Angelus, he later discovered that he would return for another chance at his exams, and from that builds his life. Truncated sentences which create cumulative  detail show the rapid passing of time as the events unfold in quick succession, and without much thought. â€Å"Exams. Graduation. Huge beach parties.† The use of colloquial language throughout the story, â€Å"†¦not hosing off of blood that shits me off – it’s Angelus itself†¦ some days I can see me and Biggie out there as old codgers, anchored to the friggin place, stuck forever†¦Ã¢â‚¬  creates a voice enforcing the image of the old men Biggie fears they will become if they stay. But it is later revealed in the story that the protagonist will return back south for his second chance at life, while Biggie stays with Meg and later in life will pass away. â€Å"In a week Biggie and Meg will blow me off in Broome and I’ll be on the bus south for a second chance at the exams. In a year Biggie will be dead in a mining accident†¦I’ll grow up and have a family of my own†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through his use of techniques Winton shows the audience how the protagonist rediscovered the aspect of himself that he lost when he met Biggie and decided to pack up and move away. Discoveries that are acquired through struggle and adversity can provide a unique and lasting impact if the individual is receptive to these experiences. Set in the summer of 1967/58 Away follows the fraught relationships of three families as they seek to reconnect with themselves and each other. Gow shows the lasting impact of struggles in the character of Tom and his family. Tom’s illness is revealed at the beginning of the play, â€Å"†¦ he looked so sick yet so wonderful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in Coral’s soliloquy in Act One, which also reflects her pain, isolation and failure to come to terms with her son’s death. After the school performance of Shakespeare’s A Midsummer’s Night Dream, she evokes emotional, rhetoric questions â€Å"is it better for them to die looking like that? Looking like gods?† Through the device of a play-within-a-play, The Stranger on the Shore, Tom provides the catalyst for Coral’s rediscovery of life as he metaphorically shows her how to live again, â€Å"I’ll show you how†, unburdening her by accepting her son’s death. â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking, I’m walking.† While also preparing himself to die, â€Å"I can see my life flashing past my eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through the characters in Away Gow, shows the audience that through the s truggles that Tom and his family face with his illness and Coral losing her son they learn aspects of themselves through the adversity that they face. Discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful understandings of our relationships and our place within the wider world. Discovery of self can lead to fresh and meaningful  understandings of our relationships and our place within the wider world through the boundaries that were thought to be holding us back. In the short story Big World Winton shows through his use of a metaphor â€Å"†¦the horizon around our ears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  evokes the image of the horizon being a boundary rather than opening up new experiences and relationships, he later reveals that the protagonist will see the world in a different view, accepting that he will have to go back to his small town and try again, he opens up new windows of opportunity, Winton shows this through his use of a reoccurring motif of nature to give a glimpse of visionary splendour, â€Å"I don’t care what happens beyond this moment. In the hot northern dusk the world suddenly gets big around us, so big we just give in a nd watch.† Through the protagonist Winton illustrates to the audience that the boundaries of the small town that he believed to be holding him back.

Realism in Sweat Essay

In Zora Neale Hurston’s short story â€Å"Sweat† the author uses rhythm and repetition to shape her theme of survival and empowerment by simulating labored and conscious footsteps, rhythmic pounding of sledge hammers along a chain gang, and the loud beats of an anxious and overworked heart. This rhythm and repetition builds tension as Delia, the protagonist, finds within herself the strength necessary to survive and overcome the abuse with which she lives, and eventually conquering her abusive husband, Sykes, by allowing a snake’s venom to take over his blood stream, killing him. The rhythm and repetition found in the short story â€Å"Sweat† simulate the echoes of someone repeating to herself the motivational words necessary to her survival. It is the author’s use of rhythm and repetition that create detailed characters, plausible events, and the comprehensive and complex detail of banal activities of everyday life representative of realism in literature. In â€Å"Sweat,† Hurston tells the story of Delia, a middle-aged, black woman who works very hard washing clothes for white people to support her cheating, unemployed husband, Sykes, who continually berates her during bouts of physical abuse. Hurston uses accents in her rhythm to accurately and realistically simulate the sounds and actions of a washer woman bringing to life the torturous and necessary day to day activities of Delia. According to Kennedy, readers â€Å"favor a stressed syllable with a little more breath and emphasis† (429), and the author uses this technique to simulate in detail Delia’s mind and heart. True to the realism movement, Delia describes her life as, â€Å"Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat† (233), as she works to grow beyond the poverty of her past. In reading this, one can hear Delia’s feet drag and pound, drag and pound, drag and pound. The author’s attention to detail allows the reader to hear and feel both rhythm and repetition with these phrases consisting of three words, each word being one syllable, and each phrase ending with, â€Å"and sweat. It is both the fact that Delia speaks to herself, as well as the words she uses, that inform the reader that Delia is pushing herself through the plausible life of a post Civil War washer woman in hopes for something better, and at the same time fighting for her survival. With the words â€Å"work† and â€Å"pray† the reader learns that the story’s protagonist is fighting for survival, hoping for survival, and begging her God for the assistance necessary for her survival . Delia’s life is one of begrudging hard work necessary for survival. When reading Delia’s words to her selfish husband, â€Å"Sweat, sweat, sweat† (233), the reader pictures the swinging sledgehammer of a southern slave sweating through life as he works endlessly in the heat of the sun. It is the rhythm of her words that allows the reader to envision an enslaved man swing the hammer back, up and over his head, and then come crashing down as the business end of the heavy tool connects with the rock at the very instant the reader hears Delia say, â€Å"Sweat. Despite the abolition of slavery, Delia’s life is one of servitude. Her master is Sykes. Her sledge hammer is â€Å"her knotty, muscled limbs, her harsh knuckly hands† (234). The reader feels the anxious dread of Delia as she works day in and day out at a hideous, painstaking job in order to earn the money necessary to feed herself and her husband, as she knows that the reality of her life is that she is the only person on whom she can depend to prevent her from becomin g homeless and/or dying from starvation. One begins to wonder how Delia survives the torment and abuse she receives from her husband, but she does. Delia accepts the abuse, and it strengthens her. The reader can feel and hear the rhythmic, â€Å"duh DUM, duh DUM, duh DUM,† pattern of Delia’s heart beat stronger and stronger in the author’s words, â€Å"Her tears, her sweat, her blood† (234). Her heart is tired. Her heart is overworked. Delia knows this. She feels this. She wants it to end. She works hard, and like other muscles, her heart gets stronger as it works. Delia continues to work her mind and body as endures the long, hard hours of work, as well as the physical and mental abuse of her husband. She will not succumb to the endless pain and suffering. The reader knows she is fighting in that she cries and works. One who is going to give into difficulty does not continue to work. Instead a person who wishes to give in lies down to die. Delia wants to survive. She fights for her survival everyday as she works, bleeds, cries, prays, and sweats. It is this drive to overcome that motivates Delia to continue existing in a Hell she hopes to someday escape. Hurston uses rhythm and repetition to create realistic details of the life of Delia as she shapes the theme of empowerment and survival in her short story â€Å"Sweat. † The author describes in detail the back breaking day to day reality of a Post Civil War woman as she strives with every ounce of her being to overcome the poverty of her past, and escape the bonds of slavery held by her husband.

Job Interview Skills

Job Interview Skills Presentation Paper 2I chose to do an informative PowerPoint presentation on the process of a job interview for my final project in XCOM 100 Introduction to Communications. The reason I chose an informative presentation rather than a persuasive presentation is because I have been on plenty of job interviews in my 23 years of life and I can honestly say that before this course I did not have a clue what I was doing. I would go into an interview confident at first but start to break down once the questions started flowing because I was unprepared and nervous. I think many people can relate with me on that. This is why I believe it is important for college graduates seeking a job to have as much information about job interviewing as possible so they can succeed. Although, jobs are all different and unique in their own ways; I feel that an individual should treat every interview as professional as the next.Interview with the MTV in April 2007Traditionally job interviews are one-on-one and involve interpersonal communication. "Interpersonal communication is a special form of human communication that occurs when two people interact simultaneously and attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships." (Chapter 1.1 Foundations of Human Communication) But times have changed as well as with advances in technology, and people may be asked to participate in group or team activities as part of the interview process. A group is known as a collection of people who share common goals and feel they belong in the group and influence each other. A team is known as a coordinated group of people who intentionally organize to work together to achieve a specific goal. Regardless of the type of job interview, organizational communication may have an impact on the interview process.Organizational communication...

Intercultural Communication Plan for a Multicultural Classroom Research Paper - 1

Intercultural Communication Plan for a Multicultural Classroom - Research Paper Example As such, it presents a complicated challenge given the fact that it is hard to distinguish what role should an educator play in a place comprising of such many and different believes and values systems. With that respect, this paper intends to set forth an educational plan whose aim is to build awareness as well as practical skills for facilitating cross-cultural communication. In this paper, development of an intercultural communication plan for a classroom with multicultural backgrounds and will focus mainly on a set community in Australia with both visible and invisible cultural backgrounds and most of the learners are thirteen year olds. Demographic description of this community predicts that, the type of diversity that is expectable in the classroom is both visible and invisible (Hinkle, 2001). In invisible diversity or culture, there is a composition of social cultural assumptions and beliefs that most people are unaware thus unable to examine intellectually. Additionally, in i nvisible diversity, an educator does not always teach in explicit instruction. In this community, there are immigrants, natives, and Australian emigrants who form the background of this community. For an educator, it is always important to be conversant with the backgrounds and lives of the students. This is mainly because, lack of this awareness leads to underdevelopment of the teacher’s compassion and sensitivity for each student (Meyers, 2006). A pragmatic intercultural communication plan for a multicultural classroom will set out a platform where students will learn both invisible and visible cultures in their instruction (Yin, 2003). The educator will teach means of recognizing socially acceptable languages and behaviors. An educator will also teach the learners the relevant time and place for applying or using these behaviors and languages. Studies show that, in a multicultural classroom or in a diverse culture, it is of paramount importance to practice and consider eff icient and effective multicultural communication within learning institutions (Meyers, 2006). As a result, promoting communication enhances tolerance, fosters interaction, and improves chances of all students for a better education. Teachers should be conversant with their own skills of communication and be in a position to help students learn effective means of communication. Documented evidence asserts that, English Language Learners in a multicultural classroom are at risk for alienation from the rest of the peers. In addition, they encounter misunderstanding by their educators and can easily lose opportunities if they lack awareness of cultural norms (Wiseman, 2003). With that sense, research on this community finds it worth noting that learners are in need of becoming observers of social cultural norms, pay attention to daily routines, expressions employed in everyday conversations and regard social status of the respective community (Fish, 2007). Afterwards, teachers must make sure that students identify why inhabitants use certain expressions while others are not in numerous situations. Onwards, students should be in a position to use their gained skills and knowledge while communicating with other people (Wilkinson, 2004). It is the duty of an educator to ensure that students learn the appropriate time to employ particular expressions. Researchers emphasize that that students are astute and consistent watchers of people (Meyers, 2006).

Approaches to explain Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Approaches to explain Entrepreneurship - Essay Example There are several approaches using which one can analyze the personality of an entrepreneur. In this paper, we will discuss some key approaches, which can help us explain an entrepreneur. 2. Environmental Background of An Entrepreneur Environmental background of an entrepreneur is very important to consider when assessing different approaches to explain entrepreneurship. Environmental background includes several elements, which play critical roles in the development of an entrepreneur. Some of those elements include family, education, role model, experience, and government support. Let us analyze these elements in some detail. 2.1 Family Family plays a vital role in the development of an entrepreneur. Professions and businesses of the family members of a person have a lot of influence on his/her professional mindset. According to Bruin and Dupuis (2003, p. 93), family business has a deep association with the concept of entrepreneurship. In some families, if the father of a person is involved in the business of construction, son will also try to step into that business by opening a firm or an independent construction company. Similarly, businesses of relatives also influence the mindset of an entrepreneur. 2.2 Education Education also plays a critical role in shaping professional approach of a person. Education makes a person aware of the legalities of different businesses, which help him/her become an entrepreneur at some stage of life. Education not only creates awareness among the entrepreneurs but also ensures economic development. Bruin and Dupuis (2003, p. 178) state, â€Å"Raising overall education and skill levels of indigenous peoples is undoubtedly crucial to indigenous economic development†. 2.3 Role Model Another element, which plays a role in shaping the mindset of an entrepreneur, is role model. As discussed earlier, a person is likely to step into the business of his/her ancestors. The reason is that success of parents or other relatives in any specific business positively influences the professional thoughts of an entrepreneur, which results in making that person an entrepreneur at some stage of life. Similarly, some successful businesspersons also become the role models for some people and they try to test their luck in the businesses of those people. 2.4 Experience Professional work experience is also an important element in the life of an entrepreneur. According to Bruin and Dupuis (2003, p. 69), entrepreneurs having little or no prior experience are less likely to succeed in their ambitions. A person is likely to start his/her own business after getting some experience in the related field. For example, a person doing job in a fresh food store or in a construction company may open his/her own company at some point in life after getting some practical experience and knowledge of all issues related to the business. 3. Entrepreneurs are Born or Made According to Shefsky (1994, p. 2), entrepreneurs are made, they are not born. Various factors play their roles in shaping an entrepreneur. Every entrepreneur is a normal person like every other person. The difference is just of their approaches to professional life. A normal person is generally less enthusiastic and innovative. He/she does not think of starting an independent business. On the other hand, an entrepreneur has some determination to do something new in life. Various

Products Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Products Advertisement - Essay Example The essay "Products Advertisement" analyzes how different companies influence the people’s decision to purchase their goods and services which depend heavily on a number of subliminal messages. The messages give psychological convincement and persuasion to buy the commodities of particular organization or firm. The messages give psychological convincement and persuasion to buy the commodities of particular organization or firm. The more people see the subliminal messages the more they get persuaded to have a taste of the commodity advertised. Moreover, it also helps in creating awareness of the good sold. The subliminal messages play with the psychology of people by giving the mind the message that most people presume enjoyable. It may include sex images. In toure de France ads, the type of subliminal messages that they try to imitate are brand selling. However, they also have some product brand association included in their ads. Moreover, the types of subliminal messages that the Baskin Robins uses in its advertisements are a brand association. Even though they do little advertisements, the few that they do try to joke with the psychology of p0eople regarding the brand name of the firm. The Tostitos Company though presumed as a racist company tries to sell their brand name by the subliminal ads. However, Amazon uses brand association to advertise their products. However, they also use the sex ads to advertise their products. Tostitos uses political campaigning for their products.

Buying Decisions of the Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Buying Decisions of the Parents - Essay Example Older children exerted greater influence on their parents; a child’s gender was not a significant factor that influenced their parents’ buying decisions.  Researchers have suggested that, the â€Å"family as a consuming and decision making unit is a central phenomenon in marketing and consumer behavior† (Commuri& Gentry, 2000, p. 1). Since the late 1960’s, marketing managers have identifiedthe central role of the family in decision making and consumption of products (Assael, 1998);family units havebeen at the center of interest of marketers and academics in the line of marketing (Moore, Wilkie, & Lutz, 2002; Shoham&Dalakas, 2005).Joint decisions by the consumer and family members work toward influencing or modifying the desire and disposition of the other family member toward a certain consumer good (Foxall, 1977). A family unit had an intermediating function,and also was the point of integration of an individual within the precincts of a large r society. Being the primary consumption unit, the family was also the primary target for all the available products and their categories (Schiffman&Kanuk, 1983). The family unit might be defined as a group of people residing together who might be related by marriage, blood, or adoption (Loudon & Della Bitta, 1993). A nuclear type of family would consist of a husband, a wife, and their children. An extended family included the nuclear family members and other relatives. During the course of a single day there will be multiple decisions made by family members (nuclear or extended), and in a majority of the cases the wife or the husband will be the prevailing decision maker within the family. Commuri&Gentry Many researchers had focused their studies â€Å"on family consumer behavior and a majority of the literature has been on decision role — who makes what decisions† (Commuri&Gentry, 2000, pp. 8). Other researchessuggeststhat the influence of the wife and the h usband would most likely change according to the (a) product types being considered for consumption, (b) the step reached in the process of decision making,(c) purchase influence type, and (d) the basic characteristics of the particular family that was making the decision (Assael21998).  According to other research, the type of product under consideration was divided into four main categories (see Figure 1). These were: Product types for which the husband had the major influence (Mowen, 1995). Product types for which the wife had the dominant influencing factor (Mowen, 1995). Product types for which the decisions can be taken by either the wife or the husband and for which either spouse can be the dominant factor, called the automaticdecision type (Assael,21998). Product types where the husband and wife go in for a joint decision,called the syncretic decision type (Assael,21998). Figure 1. The family decision making proces. Adapted from Consumer behavior and marketing acti on(p. 462), by H. Assael, 1998, Cincinnati, OH:

The Main Product In Madonna Cultural Studies Essay

The Main Product In Madonna Cultural Studies Essay Madonna born on August 16, 1958 her name full name is Madonna Louise Ciccone. Born in the Bay City Michigan of America and later moved to New York in 1977 to pursue the career in modern dance. In early days she has performed as an artist in the famous breakfast club and emmy. She released her first debut album in 1983 (Madonna) which became great success. She has emerged as a singer, lyricist, actress, and dancer and as an entrepreneur. She has sold 300 million copies of her albums worldwide. She has been rewarded from gunnies books of world records as the bestselling female recording artist of all time. Background All in all Madonna has seen the life very closely, with all ups and downs in her early days. She formed her own band with her ex-boyfriend Steve bray and they moved together into music building, where they written new songs and developed strategies for future. Madonna had tried to contact many music directors, agents and record companies to give her chance. In 1981 there was a certain shift in her success image. Madonna rather than following the rock genre she started making dance music which was emerging in New York clubs. She has put great effort in making her image as a new fashion icon, where she has adopted funky jewellery, cloths and extras. Madonnas style was soon become the new fashion for most of the girls around the world. Madonna realised that the dance clubs and the DJs are the first step for her success. She accompany the DJs to play her songs in clubs and her frequent appearance with her friends in her glossy and funky dresses made people being her fan and friends. The first release was 12-inch which gained huge success in clubs and gained Madonna name and fame. In 1983 her first album was released which she named as Madonna. Most of the songs became famous and hit the US charts. This was just a start for Madonnas success during 1986 to 1990 Madonna has released 6 albums and many of the songs from those albums become the top hits. Marketing mix The marketing mix is one of the important frameworks to define the product or brand offering. It includes the basic four Ps which are named as product, price, place, promotion. Product The main product in Madonna case is Madonna herself. She was and she still is one of the most successful women in music. She made herself as the icon and ideal for the young generation. Basically Madonna was not only about music. She was more than that, she was a style diva, her cloths and fashion ideas were become famous and were adopted by most of the young generation girls. Such as her famous tag boy toy belts, funky apparels etc. basically her product strategy was based on market development and diversification and something new. Madonna has given a new name to fashion and her ideas of style were copied by millions. Price In early days Madonna has put her tracks in New York clubs to gain popularity, with the help of DJs. Later on when she became famous her album was sold instantly and 8million copies were gone from shelves. The price was affordable according to that time customers pocket. Madonnas target market has always been the young generation and teenagers who love rock and dance music. The price penetration strategies and Madonna image has worked well to gain her name and money. Place Madonna has made the whole world to want her. Her early days of performing started from America New York and she made New York as her starting point to win the world. She was one of the most demanded and listened artist of all times in west. She has gained the name and fame by producing herself as a global singer not to limit herself to America. Her shows and world tours were great success all around the world. She penetrated the market via her appearances in different countries. Madonna has left a huge impression on people mind. Promotion Madonna has described herself as the hardworking, ambitious and determined lady. She has worked hard on promotions; she has chosen the best people in the business to develop her global image. She has used the club DJs to promote her tracks in early days and later on the agents and organizers who has introduced her to the world of fame. Madonna has worked side by side with the show organizer to arrange her shows in which she has shown her management skills. Her promotion strategies were always according to the audience she is going to see. In different countries she has made appearance differently with diva and raunchy looks she has attracted many hearts. SWOT Analysis of Madonna Key stake holders of Madonna Madonna has many different kinds of stakeholders and at different levels. The main stake holders for Madonna are given below. Audience Customers Music directors Show organizers Agents Choreographers National and local authorities Media Crew Designers Madonnas strategy is always to try and adopt something new, rather than to stick into one success formula that risky attitude of her got her more success name and fame. One of her secret of success is her attitude toward trying and experimenting new things with her music and personality. Madonnas image has changed with every CD release, her brand essence remain constant. This is a major part of her appeal. overt sexuality female empowerment rebellion the celebration of success spiritual honesty Madonna embodies a freedom of spirit, material success and politico-sexual honesty which is seen by many as the apogee of feminism. PEST Analysis Porters five forces model Value chain analysis Madonnas value chain contains few very strong key factors, which start from the show organizers/music directors/producers. Then the operations in which the actual process starts to create value for customers. In which all stake holders such as (choreographers, designers hair stylists, dress designers and stage designers etc.) work together to make sure customers get what they paid for. Once the operations finish their part, then its time for marketing and promoting the event or the product. Marketing and promotions is very integral step in the value chain. The customers have to get aware of what they going to get and when and where. It could be done via using different methods of marketing communications. Once the marketing and promotions has done their part, its time for product to get into market and available at sellers and selling points. The last part in that case is service Madonna always tries to give the value to its customers money and provide the best and quality time to he r fans. All these factors help Madonna to get competitive advantage in her genre. People are loyal to Madonna and her talent. Madonna can use her name to make more profit via using the differentiation and diversification strategy which will help Madonna to get the new success. Madonna could possibly enter to other different categories such as apparel, clothing, makeup and jewellery sections where there is a huge female fan following is for Madonna which will get her good profits in long run. Strategic options analysis for Madonna Madonna is getting old; she is 52 year old the market penetration strategy will not be the viable options. As the existing market is aging and the demographics are changing, so penetrating market will not be able to bring the success which Madonna desire. Introducing new products in existing market may work out something but still for Madonna to introduce something new in existing market might not be a viable option as mentioned earlier that the existing market has changed drastically but still her strength is RD as she is very hard working does homework before doing something so there are chances of this strategy to work out. Madonna has still got opportunity to explore and get into new markets with her existing products; there is still the world which needs to be introduced with Madonna. With some innovation in her music and reinventing the tracks with new music videos will work out for her. With the help of technology Madonna can reinvent her music and make it available via internet to large amount of people across the world. Its more risky than market penetration but as Madonna personality is when there is risk there is reward. The best strategy for Madonna is to use the diversification strategy. In terms as Madonna has developed herself as the one of the most successful female artist of all time. In diversification Madonna could possibly introduce herself as the new brand persona, via using her personality and name in addition to collaborating with new brands. Madonna is at such stage where people admire her a lot, the introduction of new things and products under Madonna name would work out. She can possibly train new singers, introduce her own product lines such as cosmetics, jewellery and apparels with Madonna magic touch. Diversification is the most risky strategy as the market and customers are both new. There is more reward in this strategy as well, if successful Madonna can get a new status and place in society and can get a new kind of fame. Conclusion and recommendations Madonna has seen the life very closely and knows the value of life and money. Madonnas early days were hard and those hard days made her the strong lady, ambitious, determined. She believed that there was something in her and she worked on it and proved herself to be the one of the most successful lady of all time. The art of using people and understanding the changing trends made her successful. Now Madonna has reached the age and name and fame where, she dont need to be on front and use the same tactics which she has used during her early success days. The world has changed and emerged in something completely different way, the technology has made it possible to reach the customers across the world. For Madonna should focus on cashing her image now. By introducing her own line of cosmetics, apparels, jewellery etc. she still can be the style diva for new youth. Madonna could possible use old tactics but with reinventing them according to the new world demands and choices. Madonna c ould possibly work in production and introducing new singers and helping them develop in music industry with Madonna help. This could possibly keep Madonna in media eyes.

Sartys Transformation in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay

Sarty's Transformation in William Faulkner's Barn Burning   Ã‚   In William Faulkner's story, "Barn Burning", we find a young man who struggles with the relationship he has with his father and his own conscience.   We see Sarty, the young man, develop into an adult while dealing with the many crude actions and ways of Abner, his father.   We see Sarty as a puzzled youth that faces the questions of faithfulness to his father or faithfulness to himself and the society he lives in.   His struggle dealing with the reactions that are caused by his father's action result in him thinking more for himself as the story progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The first instance in which we can see a transition from childhood to adulthood in Sarty's life is in the way he compliments his father.   Sarty admires his father very much and wishes that things could change for the better throughout the story.   At the beginning of the story he speaks of how his fathers "wolf-like independence" causes his family to depend on almost no one (Faulkner 155).   He believes that they live on their own because of his fathers drive for survival.   When Sarty mentions the way his father commands his sisters to clean a rug with force "though never raising his voice" it shows how he sees his father as strict, but not overly demanding (Faulkner 159).   He seems to begin to feel dissent towards his father for the way he exercises his authority in the household.   As we near the end of the story, Sarty's compliments become sparse and have a different tone surrounding them. After running from the burning barn, he spoke of his dad in an a lmost heroic sense.   He wanted everyone to remember his dad as a brave man, "he was in the war" and should be known for it, not burning barns (Faulkner 154)... ...r from a person of innocence into a person with a conscience in Sarty. Faulkner gradually develops Sarty into a man of his own deeds throughout the story.   Sarty has to finally realize that blood is not always thicker than water.   Faulkner's story symbolizes the way in which society works today.   If one individual is doing wrong, you must overlook the relationship you have with him and look at the wrong deeds he is doing.   If you happen to face your fears and set strait the wrong, in the end, the good will always prevail. Works Cited Faulkner, William. "Barn Burning". Literature, Compact Edition. Edgar V. Roberts, Henry E. Jacobs. New Jersy: Prentice-Hall, 1990. 154-167. Ford, Marilyn Claire. "Narrative Legerdenain: Evoking Sarty's Future in 'Barn Burning.'" Mississippi Quarterly, Summer 98, Issue 3: 51. Academic Search Elite. GALILEO. 25 Sept. 2000.

Demographic and Environmental Timeline- Italy Essay

Historical Changes–Defeat and abdication of Napoleon; Formation of the Congress of Vienna. Birth & Death Rates–Death rates and birth rates were both high and fluctuated rapidly according to natural events, such as drought and disease, to produce a relatively constant and young population. Stage 2 1900 Environmental Impacts—Environmentally, the impact hasn’t really began, however, the building and use of coal operated factories has begun a slow rise in air pollution as well as in the water run-off. Historical Changes– The Industrial Revolution began and that encouraged progression into this stage. There was more urbanization, which encouraged families to be created. (Pearson Education, 2013) Birth & Death Rates–This stage leads to a fall in death rates and an increase in population Stage 3 1948 Environmental Impacts—The use of fracking is beginning throughout all of Italy, and most European countries, therefore beginning issues with fertile soil and water tributaries. Historical Changes— Italy joined the Axis powers in World War II, falling into a bloody Civil War in 1943, with the Fascist faction finally defeated in the spring of 1945. Birth & Death Rates–The population moves towards stability through a decline in the birth rate. Stage 4 1970Â  Environmental Impact–Hydraulic Fracturing is still being used as a way to increase flow rate of natural resources. This practice has been accused of killing animals. (Krishna, 2012) Historical Changes– Italy became an integral member of NATO and the European Economic Community Changing Population Sizes—Population at this time is beginning to stabilize. Birth & Death Rates–Birth and Death rates are both low, leading to a total population which is high and stable. Stage 5 2000 Italy is still in Stage 4. References Krishna, K. (2012, March 7). Study suggests hydro-fracking is killing farm animals, pets | Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved September 16, 2014, from http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/March12/FrackingAnimals.html Pearson Education. (2013, October 3). Italy: History, Geography, Government, & Culture | Infoplease.com. Retrieved September 16, 2014, from http://www.infoplease.com/country/italy.html?pageno=1