Essay about Neptune The Planet - 1615 Words

Roughly, 30.1 AU (astronomical units) from the Sun (Chaisson McMillan, 2011 p. 316) there is a cold, dark, lifeless planet. We call this planet Neptune, after the Roman god of the sea. The planet Neptune is a very complex one with many different facets. The following will discuss nearly every aspect of the planet from its history, to the general composition of the planet, and everything in between. Neptune began just as all the other planets in our solar system did and the condensation theory describes the process of how they formed (Chaisson McMillan, 2011 p. 147). The basic thought process behind the condensation theory is that when a star is born a dust and gas cloud forms and begins rotating around the parent star, planets are†¦show more content†¦315). This means that Neptune did not complete one full orbit around the Sun until July of this year. This full orbit marked Neptune’s first birthday since its discovery. The discovery and creation of the planet are very interesting. However, how do we study and learn more about Neptune? Neptune is the only planet in our solar system that cannot be studied without the aid of an optical tool such as binoculars or a small telescope (â€Å"Neptune Celebrates†, 2011). Neptune cannot be seen without the aid of an optical device because it has an apparent magnitude of +7.8 (Carina, 1990-2008) and our naked eyes c an only see objects with a magnitude of +6 (Chaisson McMillan, 2011, Fig. 17.7, p. 423). The distance of the planet from the Earth, 29.1 AU (Chaisson McMillan, 2011 p. 316), also makes the planet very difficult to study. However, we have visited the planet, or Voyager 2 has. This spacecraft visited the planet in 1989 (NASA, 2010). As of now, no other spacecraft have visited the planet. Voyager 2 also passed very close to one of Neptune’s moons before leaving the solar system (NASA, 2010). Currently there are no plans to visit, or land on the planet. We only observe Neptune with the aid of our telescopes and binoculars. We are able to tell quite a bit about the atmosphere and other characteristics about Neptune, and the rest of this essay will discuss these factors and several others, which help to make this planet very interesting. Neptune’sShow MoreRelatedPlanet Neptune2008 Words   |  9 PagesNeptune  is the eighth and farthest  planet  from the  Sun  in the  Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Neptune is 17 times the mass of  Earth  and is somewhat more massive than its near-twin  Uranus, which is 15 times the mass of Earth but not as dense.[12]  On average, Neptune orbits the Sun at a distance of 30.1  AU, approximately 30 times the Earth–Sun distance. Named for the  Roman god of the sea, its  astronomical symbol  is ♆, a stylised version of theRead MoreEssay on Terrestrial and Jovian Planets1318 Words   |  6 Pages Terrestrial and Jovian Planets Our solar system contains nine planets, which are broken down into 2 classifications known as terrestrial planets and jovian planets. The terrestrial planets are composed primarily of rock and metal. They also generally have high densities, slow rotation, solid surfaces, no rings, and few satellites. These planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. On the other hand, the jovian planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. They generally haveRead MoreEssay about Solar System1580 Words   |  7 PagesSolar System Humans live on a small planet in a tiny part of a vast universe. This part of the universe is called the solar system, and is dominated by a single brilliant star-the sun. The solar system is the earth’s neighbourhood and the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are the Earth’s neighbours. They all have the same stars in the sky and orbit the same sun. Scientists believe the solar system began about 5 billion years ago, perhaps when a nearbyRead MorePlanet1582 Words   |  7 Pageslimits of our solar system there is a planet unlike any other, Pluto. Pluto was discovered in February of 1930 by an American astronomer, Clyde Tombaugh. It is the only planet to have been discovered by an American. All though we have known of the existence of Pluto for over thirty years now, there are still many mysteries surrounding this celestial body. Being the farthest planet has made it difficult to study Pluto, Adding to the obscurity of this strange planet is that the capability to send spacecraftRead MoreThe Discovery Of Neptune, By Le Verrier1444 Words   |  6 Pagesrivalry, which, as leading to the benefit of science, so far from hindering, does but cement, the frank and brotherly friendship of those who cultivate it.† (Le Verrier, 1846a). To this, Herschel had responded saying that, â€Å"The prize (the discovery of Neptune) was by a ll rules accredited to Le Verrier since his research was documented and brought to light before Adams discovery†. Almost seeming to assure the people of France that Le Verrier was sure to be given credit to the discovery, however HerschelRead MoreMercury And Its Effects On The Earth1138 Words   |  5 Pageshuman population is also constantly increasing and we need more space to survive. What can we do to survive? Where can we go? This film Deadliest Planets on YouTube will help us to explore our options. This video looks at 6 other Planets that may or may not be possibilities of sustaining life. The first planet was Mercury. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and one day on mercury lasts up to 58 days on Earth due to its slow rotation. There is one positive aspect of Mercury, which is that thereRead MoreThe Earth s Planetary Group1104 Words   |  5 Pagescomprises of eight planets. The IAU is right now perceiving five midget planets, however of the five there are perhaps a few hundred more to be named. At this point there are 431 common satellites, and of those 173 of them are planetary and 258 of them are named minor. There are 659,212 referred to lunar planets and 3296 comets as of September 25, 2014. Our earth s planetary group just has nineteen round satellites in it starting now. In the event that I were to rundown the planets by separation fromRead More Pluto Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pageslimits of our solar system there is a planet unlike any other, Pluto. Pluto was discovered in February of 1930 by an American astronomer, Clyde Tombaugh. It is the only planet to have been discovered by an American. All though we have known of the existence of Pluto for over thirty years now, there are still many mysteries surrounding this celestial body. Being the farthest planet has made it difficult to study Pluto, Adding to the obscurity of this strange planet is that the capability to send spacecraftRead MoreThe Planets And The Celestial Bodies Of Astrology802 Words   |  4 PagesThe Planets (Grammar Check) Ascertaining the defining characteristics associated with the celestial bodies of astrology will establish the novice in the fundamentals of astrology, and enhance the comprehension of adept astrologers. After all, as planets orbit established positions, the axis of astrology encompasses the idiosyncrasies of the planets. Additionally, a familiarization of Greek and Roman deities benefits the comprehension of the various planetary personalities. The Inner Planets TheRead MorePluto s Planet X : Discovery And Naming1266 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Pluto is a Plutoid in the solar system located beyond the orbit of Neptune in the Kuiper belt. It is distant more than 6 billion miles from the sun. Pluto’s history will be examined from its discovery and naming to its recent classification. The planetoid’s orbit will be surveyed as it passes inside and out of Neptune’s orbit. Charon, Pluto’s largest satellite, will be discussed as a possible binary planetoid and the four smaller satellites. Pluto’s composition will be studied from its

Essay about Costa Coffee Marketing Plan - 4148 Words

Costa Coffee Marketing Plan 1. Company Name COSTA Coffee Part of Whitbread Plc is the UK’s leading Hospitality Company with franchises all over the world. The business encompasses hotels, restaurants (inclusive of household names like Taybarns, Premier Inn and COSTA Coffee), Health Fitness clubs along with other businesses. 2. Company Mission Statement Mission: â€Å"To serve the best coffee in the true Italian style† Vision: Our vision is to be the best hospitality company that there is – a family of related hotel, restaurant and leisure club brands recognised by our people, guests and investors as leaders in each market in which we operate. 3. Your Brand Name: Their brand name is their signature†¦show more content†¦The table above shows Costa at December 2009 as the market leader in terms of the number of coffee shops (32.4%). Since then, Costa has continued its growth to become bigger than its two nearest rivals: Starbucks and Caffà © Nero combined. Brand ‘Image’ Costa’s brand name is its signature. The name ‘Costa’ signifies luxury, excellence and perfection all over the world, from the brand logo, to the colour scheme of the premises, to the entire feel of the premises which are warm tones and relaxing colours. Costa’s reputation for excellence applies not only for the exceptional coffee but also the insistence on perfect service. Costa offers 25 minutes in a safe, secure, well-maintained warm environment with a choice of quality food that is seen as value for money. Target Customer Profile Segmentation: Market segmentation has been based on demographics which includes age, gender, family life-cycle and ethnicity: |Economic profile: |MiddleShow MoreRelatedCosta Coffee Article881 Words   |  4 PagesSTUDY: COSTA EXPRESS The brief Millions depend on the hot jolt of java a perfect elixir to jumpstart their day. Coffee now an essential part of the busy fast life helps to keep us functioning and match the pace. In this age of quick fixes, a perfect flavorsome cup of coffee also will no longer need waiting. Costa Coffee plans to introduce ‘coffee on the go’. Whitbread the parent company for Costa has acquired self-service coffee chain Coffee Nation and plans to launch a new brand, Costa ExpressRead MoreCosta Coffees Marketing Plan: An Analysis2818 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Marketing Plan Executive Summary This marketing plan is an attempt to measure the market that Costa Coffee is in and determine where growth can occur over the next three years. This plan looks at how the company is performing internally, and tries to determine issues that may occur externally that could have a negative effect on the company. The Costa mission is to save the world from mediocre coffee, and that sentiment is echoed in everything the company does. The goal of every Costa enterpriseRead MoreReport for the Promotional Plan of Hot and Chocolate Tea/Coffee of Costa Coffee2457 Words   |  10 PagesREPORT FOR THE PROMOTIONAL PLAN OF HOT AND CHOCOLATE TEA/COFFEE OF COSTA COFFEE MODULE NAME : MANAGING FINANCE AND MARKETING IN BUSINESS MODULE CODE : TH600B1E SUBMITTED TO : O’HALLERAN ERIC, LONGART PEDRO SUBMITTED BY : RATHEESH VISWANATHAN – 21208850 RESHMI PRABHAKARAN USHA DEVI – 21205617 SUKHWANT KAUR MANN - 21207381 Read MoreCosta Coffee4336 Words   |  18 Pages1       The   Marketing   Profession    Coursework Header Sheet 191290-15 Course Coursework Tutor MARK1105: The Marketing Profession Group Work R Lewis Course School/Level Assessment Weight Submission Deadline BU/UG 30.00% 28/03/2012 Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the students own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledgedRead MoreImplementing Customer Relationship Management as a Core Business Strategy2160 Words   |  9 Pagesexperience at Singapore Cafà © and to increase our presence in the Famp;B Industry. Sources of data collection include search engines and websites of the companies. The report finds that it is important for Singapore Cafà © to focus on our one-to-one marketing management and knowing who our customers are, where they are and what they need. However, in order to nurture better relationship with customers and retaining them, Singapore Cafà © needs to keep a consistent system of collating information from returnedRead MoreAnalysis of Caffe Nero Essay4351 Words   |  18 PagesTable of contents 1. Introduction 2. Marketing Environment Audit i. Internal and External Audit ii. Competition iii. SWOT analysis 3. Marketing Objectives i. SMART goals 4. Marketing Strategy and Tactics i. Segmentation a) Segmentation b) Targeting c) Positioning ii. Ansoff growth theory iii. Porter’s generic strategy iv. Tactics a) The seven Ps b) Kotler’s seven Cs 5. Evaluation 6. Appendixes 1. Introduction Gerry Ford founded Caffe’ Nero in 1997. Caffe’ Nero isRead MoreMarketing Research for Costa Cafe in order to identify who are the typical customers of coffee outlets and ascertain their needs, expectations and buying behaviour.8372 Words   |  34 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Costa Coffee is one of the most famous coffee chains in the UK. It was founded in 1971 in Italy by two Italian brothers: Sergio and Bruno Costa. Costa company which introduced the first Costa coffee shops in the UK in the early 1980`s, had as a main objective to create and serve the finest authentic Italian coffee. Costa became part of Whitbread PLC in 1995 and has followed an expansion program, so to become recognized nationally. Despite that figures, Costa faces some problemsRead MoreCafe Nero Marketing Plan6124 Words   |  25 Pages Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 4 Marketing Audit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 5 PEST Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 5 Market Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 8 Micro Environment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 10 Internal Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....Page 12 SWOT Analysis..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 13 Assumptions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..Page 14 Marketing Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 15 StrategyRead MoreCafe Nero Environment, Swot Analysis, Smart Objectives Essay examples2810 Words   |  12 Pages 7 Marketing strategies 7 7Ps 8 Monitor and evaluating plan 10 Conclusion 10 FACTS | Gerry Ford set Caffe Nero up in 1997. His ambition was to bring a continental-style cafà © to Great Britain with authentic Italian coffee, extremely good customer service, fresh deliciousRead MoreMarketing Research : International Marketing1084 Words   |  5 Pagesmost productive and influential tasks. Marketing research exercise involves systematic enquiry. Thus, it requires a careful planning of the orderly investigation process. â€Å"Global market segmentation is the process of identifying specific segments, whether they be country groups or individual customer groups, of potential customers with homogeneous attributes who are likely to exhibit similar behaviour† (Hassan Katsanis, 1991). In case of international marketing DODCAR is one of the main frameworks

intellectual property rights uk Free Essays

Intellectual Property Dissertation Guide on Trade Marks and Domain Names Under the Dilution Perspective The following guide could be used by a PhD or Master Level Law student looking to write a dissertation or thesis on intellectual property, particularly trade marks and domain names under the dilution perspective. The guide has been written by a our site writer and is a detailed overview of how the work should be structured. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on intellectual property rights uk or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 My understanding of the topic The â€Å"dilution† perspective, as you rightly point out, is a concept which has been neglected and particularly so in the UK where, in comparison with the USA at least where the first dilution statute was enacted in Massachusetts in 1947, this concept has only recently found its way into the Trade Mark Act 1994[1] and then only by the confined path of implementing the trade mark directive[2]. The Trade Mark Act 1994 is now, by all accounts, dated and it is obvious that it is not sufficient to provide the kind of advanced protection which the USA offers. The tort of passing off has been traditionally used for dilution procedures and this is clearly inadequate, leading to, in the words of Colston Middleton, â€Å"strained interpretation designed to accommodate remedies for domain name disputes†[3]. Any discussion of the dilution perspective must begin naturally with Frank Schechter’s arguments from 1927 who wanted a greater scope of protection for trade marks[4] . Schechter pointed out: â€Å"†¦the real injury in all such cases†¦is the gradual whittling away or dispersion of the identity and hold upon the public mind of the mark or name by its use upon non-competing goods. The more distinctive or unique the mark, the deeper its impress upon the public consciousness, and the greater its need for its protection against vitiation or dissociation from the particular product in connection with which it has been used†.[5] Schechter’s views are acknowledged as a talisman for those who advocate greater expansion and protection for trade marks and are the theoretical base of the dilution perspective. Consequently his views must be the theoretical underpinning for this PHD study – you are arguing though for an extension of the protection past that which currently prevails. The hypothesis which I would propose is that the current response to domain names is woefully inadequate: there either needs to be a new trademark and domain names Act complete with duties, rights and remedies or a dispute resolution process in theUKto catch up with the rapidly changing world of technology and domain names. The ECJ considered dilution for the first time very recently but disappointed those who advocated a move beyond even dilution: â€Å"Some have gone further to argue that such protection should be not just against a dilution of the distinctiveness of such a mark, but also against any appropriation of the mark’s value by a third party, even if it does not damage the mark itself. From this point of view, the ECJ judgement in Intel will be disappointing† [6] Thus with a theoretical underpinning and a hypothesis established what are the problems with the current national and international setup and what causes the conflict between domain names and trade mark lawFirstly the demand for domain names exceeds the supply and this will inevitably cause friction between those who want to muscle in on established territory. Secondly trade marks confer only national, or at most, regional, protection while a domain name has global application. Thirdly the registration system does not confer a trade mark as such immediately and the rules for registration of a domain name are a matter of contract between the applicant and the registry. It should also be noted that registries do not undertake trade mark searches which increase the likelihood of abuse and conflict[7]. The problems with the systems are also well documented and it has, for example, been argued that the UDRP is too biased in favour of trade mark owners as well as allegations of the stiflin g of freedom of expression[8]. The next part will deal with the proposed structure of the PHD based on the observations above and also the aims and objectives which were set out originally. The final part will be some comments upon the research and recommendations I propose. 2.0 Proposed structure of the PHD Declaration Title page Abstract Acknowledgments Table of contents Table of Cases Table of Statutes Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: The background of Trademark protection in the UK I. The Trademark Act 1994 II. The tort of passing off III. The European Dimension IV. The European Court of Justice in 2008 V. The Confusion basis of protection VI. Dilution and the economic value of trade marks VII. Hypothesis of the PHD Chapter 3: Theoretical underpinnings of the study I. Schechter and the increased protection thesis II.The theories of less protection III. Do trade mark owners dilute their own marksS.Stadler Chapter 4: The concept of dilution I. The Conditions for protection II.Similarity of Mark and Sign III.Reputation IV. Similar products V.Unfair Advantage Chapter 5: Domain names and the unique challenge to trade marks I.What is a domain name II. Domain Names and search engines, cybersquatting and ‘typo-squatters’ III.Reverse domain name hijacking IV.The role of technology: web 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 V. New frontiers: metatags, pop-ups and banner ads VI.Does the Trade Mark Act 1994 afford sufficient protection against domain names VII. Nominet’s dispute resolution procedure VIII.Conclusion on chapter 4 Chapter 6: Case studies on the concept of dilution and domain names I.Premier Brands UK Ltd v Typhoon Europe Ltd (2000) II. Adidas-Salomon AG v Adidas Benelux (2003) III.L’Oreal SA v Bellure NV [2007] (Civ Div)) IV.One in a Million (1999) Chapter 7: Flaws with the current system at a national and international level I.The national level II. The international environment: ICANN III.WIPO IV.The UDRP system V. The American system VI.Benelux Law VII. Other Jurisdictions Chapter 8: The approach in other jurisdictions I.Germany II. France III.Canada IV.USA V. Conclusions of the approach in other jurisdictions Chapter 9: Secondary research I.Empirical analysis of the economic value of domain names II.Case Law from 2000-2011 III. Case study of Google IV. Trends in WIPO decisions 2000 – 2011 V.Conclusions on secondary research Chapter 10: Recommendations for systems and remedies I.A single dispute resolution procedure II. The UK Trademark and Domains Names Act 2015 III.The UN global domain name convention IV.Remoulding the domain name system V. Additional remedies to help the protection of trade marks VI.Adopting approaches from USA, Germany and Canada Chapter 11: Conclusions Bibliography Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C 3.0 Additional Comments It is of course vital to note that this structure above is only a draft one and subject to changes. As you will note having a look at the proposed structure there are a few things which I have included which deserve to be commented upon. Firstly the research section: for a dissertation I wrote on the WTO I did something very similar where simple research is conducted, empirically, on all Dispute resolution cases involving African countries within a certain period. My idea is to conduct research on all WIPO panel cases involving UKbrands from the period 2000 – 2011 to attempt to identify any trends or patterns[9]. This would, in my opinion, make the study even more original which is only a good thing. My other idea was to attempt to put some kind of economic value upon certain trade marks: can this be quantified in some mannerIt would be a highly sophisticated study which is able to, say, put an economic value on brands such as google.co.uk or apple.com. Related to this I thought about a case study on google.co.uk and to attempt to contemplate their business from the perspective of the IP lawyer: how much is their trade mark worthAre they victims of cyber squattingHow many cases have they been involved in at the international and national arbitration? Finally my recommendations are based both upon systems and remedies. Perhaps as the centrepiece of this study an Act can be created from scratch (!!) which I have tentatively called the UK Trademark and Domain Names Act 2015[10]. The full â€Å"Act† could be recreated in an appendix and could be an attempt by the author to advocate a solution which is tangible and bold. A complete abolition of the Trade Mark Act 1994 is what I would actually propose – and in a PHD fortune favours the brave. [1] Directive 89/104 on trade marks art.4 [2] Colson, Catherine Middleton, Kirsty (2005 2nd ed) Modern Intellectual Property Law Cavendish: London [3] Colson, Catherine Middleton, Kirsty (2005 2nd ed) Modern Intellectual Property Law Cavendish: London p.421 [4] Schechter, Frank (1927) ‘The Rational Basis of Trade Mark Protection’ Harvard Law Review 40 p.813 [5] Quoted in Bently, Lionel Sherman, Brad (2009 3rd) Intellectual Property Law Oxford Uni Press: worldwide p.715 [6] Davis, Jennifer (2009) ‘The European Court of Justice Considers Trade Mark Dilution’ Cambridge Law Journal 68(2) pp290-292 [7] Colson, Catherine Middleton, Kirsty (2005 2nd ed) Modern Intellectual Property Law Cavendish: London p.421 [8] Schiavetta, S and Komaitis, K (2003) ‘ICANN’s Role in Controlling Information on the Internet International Review of Law Computers Technology 17(3) [9] http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/search/overview/index.html [10] So called to allow it’s undoubtedly tortuous passage through White Papers, Green Papers and then both Houses of Parliament! 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Samsung Electronics free essay sample

This article contains Korean text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hanguland hanja. Samsung Electronics Co. , Ltd. (Korean: ; Hanja: ) is a South Koreanmultinational electronics company headquartered in Suwon, South Korea. [2] It is the flagship subsidiary of the Samsung Group and has been the worlds largest information technology company by revenues since 2009. [3] Samsung Electronics has assembly plants and sales networks in 88 countries and employs around 370,000 people. [4] For 2012 the CEO is Kwon Oh-Hyun. [5] Samsung has long been a major manufacturer of electronic components such as lithium-ion batteries, semiconductors, chips, flash memory and hard drive devices for clients such as Apple, Sony, HTC and Nokia. [6] [7] In recent years, the company has diversified into consumer electronics. [8] It is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones and smartphones fueled by the popularity of itsSamsung Galaxy line of devices. [9] The company is also a major vendor of tablet computers, particularly its Android-powered Samsung Galaxy Tab collection, and is generally regarded as pioneering the phablet market through the Samsung Galaxy Notefamily of devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Electronics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [10] Samsung has been the worlds largest maker of LCD panels since 2002, the worlds largest television manufacturer since 2006,[11] and worlds largest manufacturer of mobile phones since 2011. [12] Samsung Electronics displaced Apple Inc. as the worlds largest technology company in 2011 and is a major part of the South Korean economy. Contents [hide] 1 History 1. 1 1969 to 1987: Early years 1. 2 1988-1995: Consumer struggles 1. 3 1995-2008: Component manufacturing 1. 4 2008 to present: Consumer products 2 Operations 3 Products 3. 1 LCD and LED panels 3. 2 Mobile phones 3. 3 Semiconductors 3. 4 Televisions 3. 5 Other 4 Management and board of directors 5 Market share 6 Major clients 6. 1 Relationship with Apple Inc. 7 Design 8 Environmental record 9 Controversies 9. 1 DRAM price fixing 9. 2 Litigations 9. 3 Safety issues 9. 4 Viral marketing 10 Sports clubs 11 See also 12 References 13 External links History[edit] 1969 to 1987: Early years[edit] Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industry Samsung Group in 1969 in Suwon, South Korea. [13] Its early products were electronic and electrical appliances including televisions, calculators, refrigerators, air conditioners and washing machines. In 1970, Samsung Group established another subsidiary, Samsung-NEC, jointly with Japans NEC Corporation to manufacture home appliancesand audiovisual devices. In 1974, the group expanded into the semiconductor business by acquiring Korea Semiconductor, one of the first chip-making facilities in the country at the time. The acquisition of Korea Telecommunications, an electronic switching system producer, was completed at the start of the next decade in 1980. By 1981, Samsung Electric Industries had manufactured over 10 million black-and-white televisions. In February 1983, Samsungs founder, Lee Byung-chull, made an announcement later dubbed the Tokyo declaration, in which he declared that Samsung intended to become a DRAM (dynamic random access memory) vendor. One year later, Samsung became the third company in the world to develop a 64kb DRAM. [citation needed] In 1988, Samsung Electric Industries merged with Samsung Semiconductor Communications to form Samsung Electronics. 1988-1995: Consumer struggles[edit] Samsung Electronics launched its first mobile phone in 1988, in the South Korean market. [14] Sales were initially poor and by the early 1990s Motorola held a market share of over 60 percent in the countrys mobile phone market compared to just 10 percent for Samsung. [14] Samsungs mobile phone division also struggled with poor quality and inferior products until the mid-1990s and exit from the sector was a frequent topic of discussion within the company. [14] Samsung Electronics acquired a 40 percent stake in AST Research, a United States-based personal computer maker, for US$378 million in February 1995. [15] 1995-2008: Component manufacturing[edit] It was decided by Lee Kun-Hee that Samsung needed to change strategy. The company shelved the production of many under-selling product lines and instead pursued a process of designing and manufacturing components and investing in new technologies for other companies. In addition, Samsung outlined a 10-year plan to shrug off its image as a budget brand and to challenge Sony as the worlds largest consumer electronics manufacturer. It was hoped in this way Samsung would gain an understanding of how products are made and give a technological lead sometime in the future. This patient vertical integration strategy of manufacturing components has born fruit for Samsung in the late-2000s. [16] As Samsung shifted away from consumer markets, the company devised a plan to sponsor major sporting events to remain in the public eye. One such sponsorship was for the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Nagano, Japan. [17] As a chaebol, Samsung Group wielded wealth that allowed the company to invest and develop new technology rather than build products at a level which would not have a detrimental impact on Samsungs finances. [18] Samsung had a number of technological breakthroughs particularly in the field of memory which are commonplace in most electrical products today. This includes the worlds first 64Mb DRAM in 1992, 256 Mb DRAM in 1994, 1Gb DRAM in 1996. [19] In 2004, Samsung developed the worlds first 8Gb NAND Memory chip and a manufacturing deal was struck with Apple in 2005. A deal to supply Apple for memory chips was sealed in 2005 and, as of October 2013, Samsung remains a key supplier of Apple components, manufacturing the A7 processors that are inside the iPhone 5s model. [20][21] 2008 to present: Consumer products[edit] The Samsung wordmark as it appears on many Samsung products The Samsung display at the 2008 Internationale Funkausstellung in Berlin For four consecutive years, from 2000 to 2003, Samsung posted net earnings higher than five-percent; this was at a time when 16 out of the 30 top South Korean companies ceased operating in the wake of the unprecedented crisis. [22][23] In 2005, Samsung Electronics surpassed Japanese rival, Sony, for the first time to become the worlds twentieth-largest and most popular consumer brand, as measured byInterbrand. [24] In 2007, Samsung Electronics became the worlds second-largest mobile-phone maker, overtaking Motorola for the first time. [25] In 2009, Samsung achieved total revenues of US$117. 4 billion, overtaking Hewlett-Packard to become the worlds largest technology company measured by sales. [26] In 2009 and 2010, the US and EU fined the company, together with eight other memory chip makers, for its part in a price-fixing scheme that occurred between 1999 and 2002. Other companies fined included Infineon Technologies, Elpida Memory and Micron Technology. [27][28][29][30][31] In December 2010, the EU granted immunity to Samsung Electronics for acting as an informant during the investigation (LG Display, AU Optronics, Chimei InnoLux, Chunghwa Picture Tubes and HannStar Display were implicated as result of the companys intelligence). [32][33] Despite consistent growth, Samsung, along with its chairman Lee Kun-hee, has developed a reputation for insecurity regarding its financial stability and the potential for future crises to arise. After returning from a temporary retirement period in March 2010, Kun-hee stated that Samsung Electronics future is not guaranteed because most of our flagship products will be obsolete in 10 years from now. [34] Samsung has emphasized innovation in its management strategy since the early 2000s and it again highlighted innovation as part of core strategies when it announced the Vision 2020 in which the company set an ambitious goal of reaching $400 billion in annual revenues within ten years. In order to cement its leadership in the areas of memory chip and television production, the company has invested aggressively in research and development. The company has 24 research-and-development centers around the world. In April 2011, Samsung Electronics sold its HDD commercial operations to Seagate Technology for approximately US$1. 4 billion. The payment was composed of 45. 2 million Seagate shares (9. 6 percent of shares), worth US$687. 5 million, and a cash sum for the remainder. [35] In the first quarter of 2012, the company became the highest-selling mobile phone company when it overtook Nokia, selling 93. 5 million units compared to Nokias 82. 7 million units. Samsung also became the largest smartphone vendor as a result of strong sales of itsGalaxy SII and Galaxy Note devices. [36] In May 2013, Samsung announced that it had finally managed to test speed-enhanced fifth generation (5G) technology successfully. In April 2013, Samsung Electronics new entry into its Galaxy S series smartphone range, the Galaxy S4 was made available for retail. Released as the upgrade of the best-selling Galaxy S III, the S4 was sold in some international markets with the company’s Exynos processor. [37] In July 2013, Samsung Electronics forecasted weaker than expected profits for its April to June quarter. While analysts expected around 10. 1 trillion won, Samsung Electronics estimated an operating profit of ? 9. 5 trillion (US$8. 3 billion). [38] During the same month, Samsung acquired the media streaming device manufacturer Boxee for a reported $30 million. [39] On August 5, 2013, invitations were received for the Samsung Unpacked 2013 Episode 2 event on September 4, 2013 in Berlin, Germany during the annual IFA conference. While the invitation does not present any details of the event, industry figures stated that the launch of the Galaxy Note III device is expected, as Samsung used the 2012 IFA conference to launch the Galaxy Note II. [40] Samsung’s mobile business chief Shin Jong-kyun stated to the Korea Times on September 11, 2013 that Samsung Electronics will further develop its presence in China to strengthen its market position in relation to Apple. The Samsung executive also confirmed that a 64-bit smartphone handset will be released to match the ARM-based A7 processor of Apples iPhone 5s model that was released in September 2013. [41] Due to smartphone sales—especially sales of lower-priced handsets in markets such as India and China—Samsung achieved record earnings in the third quarter of 2013. The operating profit for this period rose to about 10. 1 trillion won (US$9. 4 billion), a figure that was boosted by memory chip sales to customers such as Apple, Inc. [21] On October 14, 2013, Samsung Electronics publicly apologized for using refurbished components from cheaper desktop computers to fix higher-end products, after the corporations unethical business practices were exposed on the previous day by MBC TV’s current affairs magazine, 2580. [42] Samsung provided sponsorship for the 2014 Academy Awards ceremony and, due to the use of the Samsung Galaxy Note smartphone product by host Ellen DeGeneres in a group selfie photograph that became an online viral phenomenon, the corporation donated US$3 million to two charitable organizations selected by DeGeneres. The official Samsung statement explained: we wanted to make a donation to Ellen’s charities of choice: St Jude’s and the Humane Society. Samsung will donate 1. 5 million dollars to each charity. [43][44] Operations[edit] A Samsung phone store in the shopping mall SM Aura Premier in Bonifacio Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010) The company focuses on four areas: digital media, semiconductor, telecommunication network, and LCD digital appliances. [45] The digital-media business area covers computer devices such as laptop computers andlaser printers; digital displays such as televisions and computer monitors; and consumer entertainment devices such as DVD players, MP3 players and digital camcorders; and home appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, air purifiers, washers, microwave ovens, and vacuum cleaners. The semiconductor-business area includes semiconductor chips such as SDRAM, SRAM, NAND flash memory; smart cards; mobile application processors; mobile TV receivers; RF transceivers; CMOS Image sensors, Smart Card IC, MP3 IC, DVD/Blu-ray Disc/HD DVD Player SOC and multi-chip package (MCP); and storage devices such as optical disc drives and formerly hard disk drives. The telecommunication-network-business area includes multi-service DSLAMs and fax machines; cellular devices such as mobile phones, PDA phones, and hybrid devices called mobile intelligent terminals (MITs); and satellite receivers. The LCD business area focuses on producing TFT-LCD and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels for laptops, desktop monitors, and televisions. Samsung Print was established in 2009 as a separate entity to focus on B2B sales and has released a broad range of multifunctional devices and printers and more. Products[edit] LCD and LED panels[edit] The Samsung Galaxy S II, which incorporates a Super AMOLED Plus screen See also: OLED Display: Samsung applications By 2004 Samsung was the worlds-largest manufacturer of OLEDs, with a 40 percent market share worldwide,[46] and as of 2010 has a 98% share of the global AMOLEDmarket. [47] The company generated $100. 2 million out of the total $475 million revenues in the global OLED market in 2006. [48] As of 2006, it held more than 600 American patents and more than 2,800 international patents, making it the largest owner ofAMOLED technology patents. [48] Samsungs current AMOLED smartphones use its Super AMOLED trademark, with theSamsung Wave S8500 and Samsung i9000 Galaxy S being launched in June 2010. In January 2011, it announced its Super AMOLED Plus displays[49] – which offer several advances over the older Super AMOLED displays – real stripe matrix (50 percent more sub pixels), thinner form factor, brighter image and an 18 percent reduction in energy consumption. In October 2007, Samsung introducing a ten-millimeter thick, 40-inch LCD television panel, followed in October 2008 by the worlds first 7. 9-mm panel. [50] Samsung developed panels for 24-inch LCD monitors (3. 5 mm) and 12. 1-inch laptops (1. 64 mm). [51] In 2009, Samsung succeeded in developing a panel for forty-inch LED televisions, with a thickness of 3. 9 millimeters (0. 15 inch). Dubbed the Needle Slim, the panel is as thick (or thin) as two coins put together. This is about a twelfth of the conventional LCD panel whose thickness is approximately 50 millimeters (1. 97 inches). While reducing the thickness substantially, the company maintained the performance of previous models, including full HD resolution, 120 Hz refresh rate, and 5000:1 contrast ratio. [52] On September 6, 2013, Samsung launched its 55-inch curved OLED TV (model KE55S9C) in the United Kingdom with John Lewis. [53] In early October 2013, the Samsung corporation disseminated a press release for its curved display technology with the Galaxy Round smartphone model. The press release described the product as the world’s first commercialized full HD Super AMOLED flexible display. The manufacturer explains that users can check information such as time and battery life when the home screen is off, and can receive information from the screen by tilting the device. [54] Mobile phones[edit] Samsung Galaxy Note series Samsungs flagship mobile handset line is the Samsung Galaxy S, which many consider a direct competitor of the Apple iPhone. [55] It was initially launched in Singapore, Malaysia and South Korea in June 2010,[56][57][58] followed by the United States in July. It sold more than one million units within the first 45 days on sale in the United States. [59] The companys I9000 Galaxy S and S8500 Wave smartphones were the winners of the 2010 European EISA Awards in the smartphone and social media phone categories. While many other handset makers tended to focus on supporting one or two operating system, Samsung for a time kept supporting a wider range, like Symbian, Windows Phone, Linux-based LiMo, and Samsungs proprietary Bada. [60] By 2013 Samsung had dropped all operating systems except Android and Windows Phone. That year Samsung released at least 43 Android phones or tablets and two Windows Phones. [61] At the end of the third quarter of 2010, the company had surpassed the 70 million unit mark in shipped phones, giving it a global marketshare of 22 percent, trailing Nokia by 12 percent. [62][63] Overall, the company sold 280 million mobile phones in 2010, corresponding to a market share of 20. 2 percent. [64] Partially owing to strong sales of the Samsung Galaxy range of smartphones, the company overtook Apple in worldwide smartphone sales during the third quarter 2011, with a total market share of 23. 8 percent, compared to Apples 14. 6-percent share. [65] Samsung became the worlds largest cellphone maker in 2012, with the sales of 95 million smart phones in the first quarter. [66] During the third quarter of 2013, Samsungs smartphone sales were boosted by a strong consumer reception in emerging markets such as India and the Middle East, where lower-priced handsets were popular. As of October 2013, the company offers 40 smartphone models on its US website. [21] Semiconductors[edit] A Samsung DDR-SDRAM Samsung Electronics has been the worlds-largest memory chip maker since 1993. In 2009 it started mass-producing 30 nm-class NAND flash memories. [67] It succeeded in 2010 in mass-producing 30 nm-class DRAMs and 20 nm-class NAND flashes, both of which were the first time in the world. [68] According to market-research firm Gartner, during the second quarter of 2010 Samsung Electronics took the top position in the DRAM segment due to brisk sales of the item on the world market. Gartner analysts said in their report, Samsung cemented its leading position by taking a 35-percent market share. All the other suppliers had minimal change in their shares. The company took the top slot in the ranking, followed by Hynix, Elpida, and Micron, said Gartner. [69] Another hitherto not-well-publicized area where the company had significant business in for years is the foundry segment. It had begun investment in the foundry business since 2006 and now positioned it as one of the strategic pillars for semiconductor growth. [70] In 2010, market researcher IC Insights predicted that Samsung would become the worlds-biggest semiconductor chip supplier by 2014, surpassing Intel. For the ten-year period from 1999 to 2009, Samsungs compound annual growth rate in semiconductor revenues has been 13. 5 percent, compared with 3. 4 percent for Intel. [71][72] Televisions[edit] In 2009, Samsung sold around 31 million flat-panel televisions, enabling to it to maintain the worlds largest market share for a fourth consecutive year. [73] Samsung launched its first full HD 3D LED television in March 2010. [74] Samsung had showcased the product at the 2010 International Consumer Electronics Show (CES 2010) held in Las Vegas. [75] Samsung sold more than one million 3D televisions within six months of its launch. This is the figure close to what many market researchers forecast for the years worldwide 3D television sales (1. 23 million units). [76] It also debuted the 3D Home Theater (HT-C6950W) that allows the user to enjoy 3D image and surround sound at the same time. With the launch of 3D Home Theater, Samsung became the first company in the industry to have the full line of 3D offerings, including 3D television, 3D Blu-ray player, 3D content, and 3D glasses. [77] In 2007, Samsung introduced the Internet TV, enabling the viewer to receive information from the Internet while at the same time watching conventional television programming. Samsung later developed Smart LED TV (now renamed to Samsung Smart TV),[78]which additionally supports downloaded apps. In 2008, the company launched the Power Infolink service, followed in 2009 by a whole new [emailprotected] In 2010, it started marketing the 3D television while unveiling the upgraded [emailprotected] 2010, which offers free (or for-fee) download of applications from its Samsung Apps app store, in addition to existing services such as news, weather, stock market, YouTube videos, and movies. [79] Samsung Apps offers for-fee premium services in a few countries including Korea and the United States. The services will be custom-tailored for each region. Samsung plans to offer family-oriented applications such as health care programs and digital picture frames as well as games. Samsungs range of smart TVs include the apps ITV Player and motion controlled Angry Birds. Other[edit] The Samsung GX-10 digital SLR camera Samsung produces printers for both consumers and business use, including mono-laser printers, color laser printers, multifunction printers, and enterprise-use high-speed digital multifunction printer models. In 2010, the company introduced a number of energy efficient products, including the laptop R580, netbook N210, the worlds-smallest mono-laser printer ML-1660, and color laser multifunction printer CLX-3185. Samsung has introduced several models of digital cameras and camcorders including the WB550 camera, the ST550 dual-LCD-mounted camera, and the HMX-H106 (64GB SSD-mounted full HD camcorder). In 2009, the company took the third place in the compact camera segment. Since then, the company has focused more on higher-priced items. In 2010, the company launched the NX10, the next-generation interchangeable lens camera. In the area of storage media, in 2009 Samsung achieved a ten percent world market share, driven by the introduction of a new hard disk drive capable of storing 250Gb per 2. 5-inch disk. [80] In 2010, the company started marketing the 320Gb-per-disk HDD, the largest in the industry. In addition, it was focusing more on selling external hard disk drives. Following financial losses, the hard disk division was sold to Seagate in 2011. In the MP3 player segment, Samsung has launched products including the M1 MP3 player, and the worlds-smallest DivX MP3 player R1. [81] Management and board of directors[edit] In December 2010, Samsung switched its management system from the single CEO system of last year under Choi Gee-Sung, to a two-person management team with Choi Gee-Sung, CEO and Vice chairman, and Lee Jae-Yong, Chief Operating officer and President. In June 2012, Samsung appointed Kwon Oh-hyun as the new CEO of the company. [82] The team was credited as being younger both in age and in outlook, and some executives dyed their hair black. [83] Samsung also reorganized its overseas marketing bases in line with changes in the market, including a combined Britain/Continental Europe regional subsidiary, and a combined China/Taiwan regional subsidiary. In 2012, Samsung appointed Director of Mobile Products, Mr JK Shin to President/CEO of Samsung Electronics for Mobile Consumer Products. The company added a new digital imaging business division in 2010, and now consists of eight divisions, including the existing display, IT solutions, consumer electronics, wireless, networking, semiconductor, and LCD divisions. It also reorganized its business organization to strengthen business synergies, by merging its Digital Air Solutions Team and Samsung Electronics Gwangju (consumer electronics and air conditioners, merged in 2010) under the consumer electronics business division. The set-top boxes business was merged with the Visual Display Business division. The companys December 2010 reorganization was as follows: Among the eight divisions, the network division and the digital imaging division experienced new appointments, while the remaining divisions were maintained in accordance with their results. Chief executive officer, Vice chairman: Choi Gee-Sung Chief financial officer: President Yoon Ju-hwa Chief operating officer, President: Lee Jae-Yong Chief executive officer, President: JK Shin The following are the names of board of directors members:[84] Gee-Sung Choi Vice chairman, President and chief executive officer Ju-Hwa Yoon Chief financial officer Dong-Min Yoon Independent director (Attorney at Law, Kim Chang) Chae-Woong Lee Independent director (Professor of Economics, Sungkyunkwan University) In-Ho Lee Independent director (Advisor, Shinhan Bank) Oh-Soo Park Independent director (Professor of Business Administration, Seoul National University) Market share[edit] Product Samsung world market share Leading competitor Market share Year Source DRAM 40. 4% SK Hynix 19. 8% Q3 2010 [85] NAND flash 40. 4% Toshiba 33. 1% Q2 2010 [86] Large-size LCD panels (revenue) 26. 0% LG Display 25. 9% Q3 2010 [87] Active-matrix OLEDs 97% LG Display 1~3% 2010 [88] Lithium-ion batteries 18. 7% Sanyo 19. 4% Q1 2010 [89] LCD monitors 18. 0% Dell 12. 8% 2009 [90] Hard-disk drives 9% Western Digital 31. 3% Q1 2010 [91] Televisions (LCD, PDP, CRT, LED) 17. 2% LG Electronics 14. 8% Q3 2009 [92] Mobile phones 35% Apple inc 13. 4% Q3 2013 [93] Digital cameras 11. 8% Sony 17. 4% 2010 [94] Application processors 12% Texas Instruments 17% Q3,4 2011 [95] Major clients[edit] Samsungs largest clients (Q1 2010)[96] Rank/company Part description Percent of total sales 1 Sony DRAM, NAND flash, LCD panels, etc 3. 7 2 Apple Inc. AP (mobile processor), DRAM, NAND flash, etc 2. 6 3 Dell DRAM, flat-panels, lithium-ion batteries, etc 2. 5 4 Hewlett-Packard DRAM, flat-panels, lithium-ion batteries, etc 2. 2 5 Verizon Communications Handsets, etc 1. 3 6 ATT Inc. Handsets, etc 1. 3 Relationship with Apple Inc. [edit] See also: Smartphone wars Despite recent litigation activity, Samsung and Apple have been described as frenemies who share a love-hate relationship. [97]Samsung is a major supplier for Apple first providing memory for the early iPod devices in 2005,[20] and Apple is a key customer for Samsung in 2012 its component sales were thought to be worth in the region of $8 billion revenue to Samsung[97] to the point where Apple CEO Tim Cook originally opposed litigation against Samsung wary of the companys critical component supply chain for Apple. [98] In April 2011, Apple Inc. announced that they were suing Samsung over the design of its Galaxy range of mobile phones. The lawsuit was filed on 15 April 2011 and alleges that Samsung infringed on Apples trademarks and patents of the iPhone and iPad. [99] Samsung issued a counterclaim against Apple of patent infringement. [13] In August 2011, at The Regional Court of Dusseldorf, Apple were granted a preliminary injunction against the sale and marketing of the Samsung Galaxy Tab 10. 1 across the whole of Europe excluding the Netherlands. [100] The ban has been temporarily lifted in the European Union, with the exclusion of Germany, whilst it is investigated whether or not the original injunction was appropriate. [101] On August 31, 2012, the Tokyo District Court ruled Samsung Electronics mobile devices did not violate an Apple Inc. patent. [102] The case only addressed Apples patent that allows mobile devices and personal computers to synchronize or share data with each other and is not comparable with the U. S. court case ruled on 24 August. On October 18, 2012, U. K. High Court ruled that Samsung did not infringe Apples design patents. Apple was forced to issue a court-ordered apology to Samsung on its official U. K. website. [103] Design[edit] In the early 1990s, the firm began emphasizing the importance of design in its products. Located in the companys high-rise headquarters in Gangnam (south of Seoul) the corporate design center includes more than 900 full-time designers. In 1971 there were only two designers[104] in the whole company, whose number rose to 510 in 2005. [citation needed] The company overhauls its design over a two-year cycle. For the first year, it scrutinizes design trends of the world, followed by product strategies. It then maps out new design plans during the second year. Since 2006, it has won as many as 210 awards from international design institutions. [citation needed] It received the iF (International Forum) and IDEA design awards. Samsung was the winner in eight categories in the 2009 IDEA awards, the company that received the most awards. [105] In the 2010 iF Material Awards, the company won the Gold Award for five of its products including the external hard disk drive. The iF Material Awards are given by the International Forum Design GmbH of Hannover, a design award for design materials and process technologies. In 2010, the German company selected a total of 42 products in the areas of home appliance, furniture, and industrial design. Samsung won the awards in five categories including external hard disk, full-touch screen phone, side-by-side refrigerator, compact digital camera, and laser printer toner. [106] Environmental record[edit] All Samsung mobile phones and MP3 players introduced on the market after April 2010 are free from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). [107] The company is listed in Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics, which rates electronics companies on policies and practices to reduce their impact on the climate, produce greener products, and make their operations more sustainable. In November 2011 Samsung was ranked 7th out of 15 leading electronics makers with a score of 4. 1/10. [108] In the newly re-launched guide Samsung moved down two places (occupying 5th position in October 2010) but scored maximum points for providing verified data and its greenhouse gas emissions and also scored well for its Sustainable Operations with the guide praising its relatively good e-waste take-back programme and information. However, the company was criticized for not setting an ambitious target to increase its use of renewable energy and for belonging to a trade association which has commented against energy efficiency standards. [108] In June 2004, Samsung was the first major electronics company to publicly commit to eliminate PVC and BFRs from new models of all its products. The company however failed to meet its deadlines to be PVC- and BFRs-free, and has published new phase out dates. [109]Greenpeace activists protested at the companys Benelux headquarters in March 2010 for what Greenpeace calls Samsungs broken promises. [110] The company has been taking the lead in industry efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the company has been awarded as one of global top-ten companies in the Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index (CDLI). It was the only Asian company among top-ten companies. In addition, the company is listed in Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). [111] The companys achievement ratio of products approaching the Global Ecolabel level (Good Eco-Products within the company) is 11 percentage points above the 2010 goal (80 percent). As of the first half of 2010, Samsung earned the Global Ecolabel for its 2,134 models, thereby becoming the worlds number-one company in terms of the number of products meeting Global Ecolabel standards. [111] The company is also accelerating its effort to recover and recycle electronic wastes. [112] The amount of wastes salvaged throughout 60 countries during 2009 was as much as 240,000 tons. The Samsung Recycling Direct program, the companys voluntary recycling program under way in the United States, was expanded to Canada. [113] In 2008, the company was praised for its recycling effort by the U. S. advocacy group Electronics Take Back Coalition as the best eco-friendly recycling program. [114] Controversies[edit] DRAM price fixing[edit] Main article: DRAM price fixing In December 2010, the European Commission fined six LCD panel producers, including Samsung, a total of â‚ ¬648. 925 million for operating as a cartel. The company received a full reduction of the potential fine for being the first firm to assist EU anti-trust authorities. [115] On October 19, 2011, Samsung was fined EUR 145,727,000 for being part of a price cartel of ten companies for DRAMs which lasted from 1 July 1998 to 15 June 2002. The company received, like most of the other members of the cartel, a 10-% reduction for acknowledging the facts to investigators. Samsung had to pay 90% of their share of the settlement, but Micron avoided payment as a result of having initially revealed the case t Samsung Electronics free essay sample Electronics was established in 1969 in order to provide an engine of future growth for the Samsung Group. Though the electronics industry seemed promising in the 1960s, none of the Korean firms had advanced technology. Samsung began by producing low-end black–and-white televisions in a joint venture with Sanyo, a Japanese electronics company. With NEC, another Japanese firm, it produced Braun tubes and kinescope tubes. After three years, it began to produce black-and-white televisions under its own name, â€Å"Samsung. In the 1970s, it began producing other home appliances, including washing machines, refrigerators, color televisions and microwave ovens. During the 1980s, it expanded its business lines to personal computers (1983), semiconductors, and telecommunication networks and devices (1988). For years, Samsung was regarded as a low-end product manufacturer that made cheaper alternatives to the high-end Japanese products. Its products were not considered to be very reliable, and it did not have a very strong reputation amongst consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Electronics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the end of 1992, however, the company emerged as a leading semiconductor manufacturer in the DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) market. It was the first case in Korea that Samsung, a domestic latecomer, successfully caught up incumbents and even became better than them in the world market. Behind their success was the management’s strong drive to develop the semiconductor business into a truly world-class business and the company’s future growth engine. Samsung’s system of group-wide coordination and governance enabled Samsung to concentrate its resources in the semiconductor business, which required enormous investment. For technology transfer, Samsung relied on technology licensing, established an RD center in Silicon Valley and invited Japanese engineers to Korea on weekends to instruct Korean engineers in semiconductors. To secure human resources, Samsung recruited many Korean-American engineers with semiconductors expertise, offering them attractive compensation and benefits. Despite a major surge in its semiconductor business, Samsung was losing money in its appliance business during the mid-1990s, as it had not managed to improve the quality and image of its products. Moreover, the Asian financial crisis of late 1997 deteriorated the situation further, causing profits to drop from $194 million in 1996 to $87 million in 1997. To cope with its difficulties, Samsung launched a bold restructuring initiative in 1997. The initiative aimed to restructure the company in accordance with â€Å"global standards. The company laid off 16,000 employees during the first year, and it sold or spun off unprofitable business units and manufacturing facilities. It also shifted more of its resources to the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and mobile phone businesses in order to diversify its revenue sources, which had previously relied on the semiconductor business. The emphasis on profitability and shareholder value was not typical of Korean firms at that time. The company’s unyielding emphasis on quality, innovation, and globalization resulted in significant changes within the organization, and galvanized its foundation for future growth.

The Basic Guide to Integers on ACT Math

The Basic Guide to Integers on ACT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips "Let x and y be integers such that...", "If y is a positive integer, what is...?" If you've taken a practice test or a real ACT before, these types of questions may look familiar to you. You've likely come across several questions on the ACT that mention the word "integer." And if you don't know what that word means, they will be difficult problems for you to solve. Questions involving integers are common, so it's important to have a solid grasp of what integers are as you continue in your ACT math study. But what are "integers" and how do they fit into the larger ACT math picture? This article will be your guide to basic integers for the ACT, what they are, how they change, and how you'll see them used on the test. For the more advanced integer conceptsincluding absolute values, exponents, roots, and morelook to our advanced guide to ACT integers. What is an Integer? An integer is a whole number. This means an integer is any number that is NOT expressed with a decimal or a fraction. Integers include all negative whole numbers, all positive whole numbers, and zero. Examples of Integers: -32, -2, 0, 17, 2,035 NOT integers: Ï€, $2/3$, 0.478 Think of an integer as an object that cannot be divided into pieces. For example, you can't have half an egg in a basket. Positive and Negative Integers A number line is used to demonstrate how numbers relate to each other and to zero. All numbers to the right of zero are positive numbers. All numbers to the left of zero are negative numbers. Positive numbers get larger the farther they are from zero. 154 is larger than 12 because 154 is farther along the number line in a positive direction (to the right). Negative numbers get smaller the farther away they are from zero. -154 is SMALLER than -12 because -154 is a farther along the number line in a negative direction (to the left). And a positive number is always larger than any negative number. 1 is larger than -10,109 Because we don't have a reference for 0, we cannot say for sure whether A is positive or negative, which eliminates answers F, G, and K. We do know that any number to the left of another number will be less, so the answer must be H, A is less than B. The very opposite of a number line. Typical Integer Questions on the ACT Most ACT math integer questions are a combination of word problem and equation problem. The question will usually present you with an equation and tell you that you must use "integers" in place of a variable. You must know that an integer means a whole number (and that integers also include negative numbers and zero) to solve these problems. When x≠ 0, there are two possible integer values for x such that y=x(1+x). What is a possible value for y? (A) −30(B) −1(C) 0(D) 15(E) 20 (We'll walk through how to solve this problem in the next section.) Sometimes you’ll have to answer more abstract questions about how integers relate to one another when you add, subtract, multiply and divide them. You don't need to find a numerical answer for these types of questions, but you must instead identify whether certain equations will be even or odd, positive or negative. For these types of questions, you can either guess and check how integers change in relation to one another by plugging in your own numbers and solving, or you can memorize the rules for how integers interact. How you do it is completely up to you and depends on how you learn and/or like to solve math problems. For example, in the charts below, you'll see that: aâ€Å' positiveâ€Å' number * aâ€Å' positiveâ€Å' number = aâ€Å' positiveâ€Å' number, each and every time. If you forget this rule (or simply don't want to learn it in the first place), you can always try it by saying 2 * 3 = 6. Because you can always find these results by plugging in your own numbers, these rules are categorized as â€Å"good to know,† but not â€Å"necessary to know.† negative * negative = positive -2 * -3 = 6 positive * positive = positive 2 * 3 = 6 negative * positive = negative -2 * 3 = -6 Another way to think of this is, â€Å"When multiplying numbers, the result is always positive unless you’re multiplying a positive number and a negative number.† odd * odd = odd 3 * 5 = 15 even * even = even 2 * 4 = 8 odd * even = even 3 * 4 = 12 Another way to think of this is, â€Å"When multiplying numbers, the result is always even until multiplying an odd number and an odd number.† odd +/- odd = even 5 + 7 = 12 even +/- even = even 10 - 6 = 4 odd +/- even = odd 5 + 6 = 11 Another way to think of this is, â€Å"When adding or subtracting numbers, the result is always even unless adding or subtracting an odd number and an even number.† With these understandings in mind, let us look again at the above ACT math problem. Choice A is incorrect, because b is an even integer. And we know that an even number * an odd number = an even number. Choice B is incorrect because a is an odd integer. And we know that an odd number + an odd number = an even number. Choice C is incorrect because a is an odd integer and b is an even integer. An even number + an odd number = an odd number. And an odd number * an even number (in this case 2) = an even number. Choice D is correct. Twice b will be even, because an even number * an even number = an even number. And the final result will be odd because an odd number (a) + an even number (2b) = an odd number. Choice E is incorrect. Twice an odd number (a) will be an even number, because an even number * an odd number = an even number. And an even number + an even number = an even number. So your final answer is D, a + 2b. You can see how you could also solve this by double-checking these rules by using your own numbers. If you assign an odd number to a and an even number to b, you can test out each option in about the same amount of time it would take you to go through your rules like this. So for this question, you could have said a was 5 and b was 6. Then option D would have looked like this: 5 + 2(6) = 17 Again, because you can figure out these kinds of questions using real numbers, these rules are classified as "good to know," not "necessary to know." If you follow the right steps, solving an integer problem is often much easier than it appears. Steps to Solving an ACT Math Integer Problem #1: Identify if the problem is, in fact, an integer problem. If you must use integers to solve a problem, the ACT will explicitly use the word "integer" in the question so that you don't waste your time and effort looking for decimal or fraction solutions. For example, questions may begin with: "x is a positive integer such that...", "For all negative integers...", or "How many integers give the solution to...?" For any problem that doesn’t specify that the variables (or the solution) are â€Å"integers," your answer or the variables can be in decimals or fractions. So let's look again at the problem from earlier: When x ≠  0, there are two possible integer values for x such that y = x(1+x). What is a possible value for y? (A) −30(B) −1(C) 0(D) 15(E) 20 We are told that x ≠  0, so we know that our y cannot be 0. Why not? Because the only integer values that can give you y = 0 are x = 0 and x = −1 because 0(1+0) = 0 and (−1)(1+(−1)) = 0. BUT we were told that x ≠  0. So y can not equal 0 either, as the question told us that there were TWO integer values for x, neither of which is 0. This means we can cross off C from the answer choices. We can also cross off A and B. Why? Because there is no possible way to have x(1+x) equal a negative. Even when x is negative, we would distribute the problem to look like: y = (1x) + (x * x) We know that a negative * a positive = a negative, so 1x would be negative if x were negative. BUT a positive * a positive = a positive. And a negative * a negative = a positive. So x * x would be positive, whether x was positive or negative. And adding the original negative value for x will not be a large enough number to take away from the positive square and make the final answer a negative. For example, we already saw that: x =−1 makes our y zero. x =−2 gives us −2(1+−2) = y = 2. x =−3 gives us −3(1+−3) = y = 6, etc. So we are left with answer choices D and E. Now how could we get 15 with x(1+x)? We know x must not be very large to get y = 15, so let's test a few small numbers for x. If x = 2, then x(1+x) = 2(1+2) = 6. This means x = 2 is too small. If x = 3, then x(1+x) = 3(1+3) = 12. So x = 3 is too small. If x = 4, then x(1+x) = 4(1+4) = 20. This means there is no positive integer value that could give us 15. But we did manage to get y = 20, so answer choice E is looking pretty good! Now we can tell that if we kept going higher with x, the y value would keep getting larger (x = 5 would give us y = 30, etc.). This means we probably need a negative integer to give us our second value for x. So let's try to get y = 20 with a negative value for x this time. We already saw above that x = −2 gave us y = 2, and x = −3 gave us y = 6. So let's try some more negative values for x. If x = −4, then x(1+x) = −4(1+−4) = 12 If x = −5, then x(1+x) = −5(1+−5) = 20 We were able to get y = 20 with both x = 4 and x = −5 So our final answer is E, y = 20 #2: If the problem asks you to identify equations that are always true, test out multiple different kinds of integers. If the question asks you to identify whether certain equations or inequalities are true for ALL integers, the equation must work equally with 10 as with 0 and -5. A good rule of thumb is to try -1, 0, and 1 with variable questions like these. These numbers often have special properties that make or break conditions. I'll explain what that means with a practice example. If x is an integer, which of the following equations MUST be true? I. $x^3 ≠¥ (-x)^3$ II. ${x^3}/x ≠¥ {x^2}/x$ III. $x(x + 1) ≠¤ -x + x^3$ (A) I only(B) II only(C) III only(D) I and III only(E) I, II, and III For questions like these, we should test out our sample numbers, as it can get confusing to use our rules of integer behaviors with complex problems such as these. So for option I, let use our test numbers of -1, 0, and 1. $−1^3= (−1)(−1)(−1) = −1$ $(−−1)^3 = $1^3 = (1)(1)(1) = 1$ -1 is NOT greater than +1. This automatically eliminates option I. And by eliminating option I, we can eliminate answer choices A, D, and E right away. Now let's look at choice II with our same test numbers. ${(-1)^3}/{-1} = {(-1)(-1)(-1)}/{-1} = {-1}/{-1} = 1$ ${(-1)^2}/{-1} = {(-1)(-1)}/{-1} = 1/{-1} = -1$ 1 -1 This means that option II works so far when we use a negative number. So let's try it with our positive number, 1. ${1^3}/1 = {(1)(1)(1)}/1 = 1/1 = 1$ ${1^2}/1 = {(1)(1)}/1 = 1/1 = 1$ 1 = 1. So option II still works. Lastly, we should test if the equation still works with 0. ${0^3}/0 = 0$ $0^2/0 = 0$ Option II works for all answer choices, so our final answer is B, II only. Because we know that option I doesn't work, we have eliminated all other answer choices. But if you want to make absolutely sure you didn't make a mistake somewhere, you can test out option III as well. −1(−1+1) = 0 $−(−1)+(−1)^3 = 1+(−1)(−1)(−1) = 1+−1 = 0$ 0 = 0 The two are equal, which means that option III works so far. Now let's try it with 1. 1(1+1) = 2 $−1+1^3 = −1+(1)(1)(1) = −1+1 = 0$ 2 0 When we used a positive number, the equation was incorrect. This means that answer choice C is eliminated and our choice of B has been confirmed to be the only correct answer. #3: If the problem asks you to find the answer to long calculations, use your rules that you learned above or test it out with smaller numbers. a, b, c, d, e, f are odd integers such that a b c d e f. Which statement(s) must be true? I. abcdef is odd II. a + b + c + d + e + f is odd III. a(b + c + d + e + f) is odd (A) I only(B) II only(C) III only(D) I and III only(E) I, II, and III Now you can approach this problem in one of two ways: by using your number rules or by using your own numbers. First, let's use our number rules to test option I. We know that each letter represents an odd integer and that the product of an odd number and another odd number is an odd number. Because an odd * an odd will always be odd, we know that option I is true. This means we can also eliminate answer choices B and C. Now let's look at option II. We know that an odd number + an odd number = an even number. We also know that an even number + an even number = an even number. So if we split a + b + c + d + e + f into pairs of numbers, we'll have: (a + b) + (c + d) + (e + f) We know that each pair of numbers will have an even sum, so we're left with: an even number + an even number + an even number, which will give us an even final result. So option II is incorrect. This means we can eliminate answer choice E. Finally, let's look at option III. As we saw before, when we have six odd numbers (in other words, an even number of odd numbers), the sum will be even. Now, our parenthesis holds five (an odd number) of odd numbers, and an even number + an odd number = an odd number. So we know the number in the parenthesis will be odd. We also know that an odd number (a) * an odd number (the sum of b, c, d, e, f) = an odd number. So option III is correct. This means that our final answer is D, I and III only. The other way you could solve this problem would be to test out these rules with small numbers and extrapolate to find the larger answer. In other words, use small numbers in place of the variables. So for option I, if you didn't know an odd * an odd = an odd, you could replace a and b with the numbers 5 and 3. 5*3=15, so you know that an odd * an odd = an odd number, no matter how many times you multiply it. So option I is correct. For option II, again test it out with smaller numbers. 7+5=12, and 7+5+3=15. So you know that adding odd numbers an even number of times gets you an even answer and adding an odd number of times gets you an odd answer. There are six odd numbers, so the final answer must be even. Option II is incorrect. Taking what you learned by testing option II, you know that adding odd numbers an even number of times gets you an odd answer. And, taking what you learned from testing option I, you know that an odd number * an odd number = an odd number. This means your final answer must be odd, so option III is correct. This means the final answer is D, I and III only. Whoo! There are many ways to solve integer problems and whichever way works for you is perfect. The Take-Aways In order to solve both the basic and advanced ACT integer questions, you must first understand what an integer is. Only then can you build up your integer knowledge to the more advanced concepts. But simply knowing that an integer is a whole number (and that 0 and negative numbers are also integers), will allow you to solve some of the more basic questions about how to plug integers into equations and how integers relate to one another. For the more advanced integer concepts, including absolute values, exponents, etc., be sure to check out our advanced guide to ACT integers. What's Next? Now that you’ve learned about what integers are, you may want to check out the advanced guide to ACT integers where we will go through absolute values, prime numbers, and exponents (among other concepts). Make sure that you also have a solid understanding of all the ACT math concepts on the test as well as all the ACT formulas you'll need to know. Running out of time on ACT math? Check out our article on how to buy yourself those extra precious seconds and minutes and complete your ACT math problems before time’s up. Feeling overwhelmed? Start by figuring out your ideal score. Already have pretty good scores and looking to get a perfect 36? Check out our article on how to get a perfect score written by a 36 ACT-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Definition of an Aliphatic Compound

Definition of an Aliphatic Compound An aliphatic compound is an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings. It is one of two broad classes of hydrocarbons, the other being aromatic compounds. Open-chain compounds that contain no rings are aliphatic, whether they contain single, double, or triple bonds. In other words, they may be saturated or unsaturated. Some aliphatics are cyclic molecules, but their rings are not as stable as those of aromatic compounds. While hydrogen atoms are most commonly bound to the carbon chain, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or chlorine atoms might also be present. Aliphatic compounds are also known as  aliphatic hydrocarbons or eliphatic compounds. Examples of Aliphatic Compounds Ethylene, isooctane, acetylene, propene, propane, squalene, and polyethylene are examples of aliphatic compounds. The simplest aliphatic compound is methane, CH4. Properties of Aliphatic Compounds The most significant characteristic of aliphatic compounds is that most of them are flammable. For this reason, aliphatic compounds are often used as fuels. Examples of aliphatic fuels include methane, acetylene, and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Aliphatic Acids Aliphatic or eliphatic acids are the acids of nonaromatic hydrocarbons. Examples of aliphatic acids are butyric acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid.

Analyze science lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze science lesson - Essay Example It is flexible so that it frees student to explore diverse possibility. Indirect instructions foster creativity and inter personal skills and abilities, the role of teacher shifts from lecturer to that of facilitator. Interactive Instructional strategy - Discussion and sharing among participants is involved. Experiential learning -Focuses on the participation in an activity. Reactions and observations are shared. Independent Study - Help students become self-sufficient and responsible citizens by enhancing individual potential. Independent study is very flexible, it can be used as the major instructional strategy with the whole class, in combination with other strategies, or it can be used with one or more individuals while another strategy is used with the rest of the class (Core Knowledge Foundation Staff, 2000). This preschool lesson plan deals with the life cycle of plants explaining their different parts. The children are instructed by their teachers to get seeds of different plants like Gram, Pea, Maize and Castor oil. They may take a piece of soil or a pot where sunlight should fall on them. Children are then asked to sow the seeds in soil, water them and observe them daily. They will observe that seeds give rise to two tiny structures one coming upwards in the sunlight, the future stem and the other going inside the soil away from sunlight, the future root. In all of this process direct instructional strategy is implemented. The preschool teacher instructs the students to uproot a small plant and observe the roots. Leaves of different sizes are shown to the children and vital importance of leaves should be told to them. Children are instructed to familiarize themselves with another important organ of the plant â€Å"the stem†. Plants of different heights are brought into observation of the students. Children are instructed to measure the heights with any tool of measurements. Oral language instructions like