SWOT analysis

This resulted in Telephone Interpretation being offered since that year. This service connects trained Interpreters via telephone to Limited English Proficient (LEAP) Individuals. Curaà §ao International Is one of those companies that provide critical translation and interpretation services. Worked full time there as an interpreter, which is a chance to gain some insight about the company's workplace as well as into the language service. Let's have a look back at history of the company and perform a SOOT analysis.HISTORY According to the company's homepage, Kevin J. Carrey and Mark Myers patented the first dual-handset phone and founded the company In Tucson, Arizona since 1995, which they named Severer. Three years later, the company's name was changed into Curaà §ao International with Jeremy Woman being Chairman and CEO. It created a subsidiary, Viviane, In 2009, there were 2 big events to the company. It first announced the calculation of Language Learning Enterprises, Inc. (LEE ) and second, opened the Tucson contact center. Its Phoenix contact center was next, In 2012.Like its competitors in the industry, Curaà §ao International Inc. (mentioned here as â€Å"Curaà §ao† or the â€Å"company†), is a diversified language services company, operates wrought Its two sections: Curaà §ao Is for clients In the field of healthcare: healthcare plans, clinics and hospitals, and Valance Is for bal and governments: Insurance, financial services, education, 911, utilities, telecommunications. The products include: Over-the-Phone Interpretation (POP), Video Remote Interpretation (IVR), On-site Interpretation, Document Translation, and Training and Assessment.This information is not quite accurate, at least at present. While working there in 2013 1 saw that clients had to pay $4 per minute and interpreters' received approximately $1 5 an hour ($10 for Spanish interpreters). No wonder Curaà §ao is placed within the Top 15 companies reporting an average ra te of growth of 72. 75 percent growth in 2008. (â€Å"Second annual ranking,† 2011) Weaknesses Firstly, at Curaà §ao there is hardly a strong organization culture. It seems that the company chooses to focus on the call center side of things rather than create one.Many interpreters are misled in thinking of a company that values intelligence and language skills, when it turns out later that they hire bilingual persons to apply their protocols only. Consequently, interpreters should be content with low salaries; this bob does not require a degree. And that is at the time of interviews. Next, there are distinct departments and lines of authority, work activities are designed around individuals. In this call center, 100% of calls are recorded and monitored and employees are required to follow extensive rules and regulations and to minimize formal contact with other employees if not functionally necessary.One supervisor sits at higher booth keeping an eye on 10 Interpreters. A ma nager of each department (that handles one language) walks around examining closely to ensure there are no deviations. Indeed, this is management in the survival mode and there is no workplace spirituality. And that leads the second weakness of Curaà §ao, High Employee Turnover compared to industry averages. Current HCI recruiter, Richard Arena, is a forever busy person. During the 2 years I knew him he was present at almost every Job fair in the Valley.Not only offering both part and full time Jobs, he made recruiters of other company in the fair to point any ethnic minority Jobsharers to his booth. Not only have Richard and his HER team worked really hard, but the company has had a long time policy that any employee gets a $200 reward after successfully bringing in a new interpreter to work for Curaà §ao. Apparently, something underlies the fact that the company is â€Å"Arizona fastest-growing Job creator in 2013 and second fastest in 2012 for creating over 800 Jobs in the sta te† as it claims in its homepage.Opportunities Executive Order 13166 are two out of many opportunities that the language service industry in general, and Curaà §ao in particular have encountered. Fortune Magazine views the approximately â€Å"9% of people in the U. S. Who don't speak English a sizable market waiting to be tapped† (wry. Fortune. Com/addictions). They are right, as according to the U. S. Census, a foreign migrant enters the United States every 22 seconds. These people need insurance, healthcare as well as other products and services†¦ Hill the agents and insurance carriers need the means to explain and sell them. This partly accounts for the phenomenon that language services industry having the growth and revenue numbers that resist recession. On August 1 1, 2000, then-president Bill Clinton signed Executive Order 13166 which â€Å"requires that the Federal agencies work to ensure that recipients of Federal financial assistance roved meaningful acc ess to their LEAP applicants and beneficiaries† (n. D. ).It is expected that that the total national cost of providing language assistance services to LEAP individuals could be as high as $1 to $2 billion annually (â€Å"Why executive order,† 2011). This resulted in the domestic market alone being surprisingly robust-and growing for Curaà §ao as well as other language service companies. Threats At Curaà §ao, it's hardly spoken within the call centers, but we employees all know that Languages Solutions is our long-term and strong competitor who may represent a wreath to future market growth of Curaà §ao.Languages â€Å"employs approximately 5,000 interpreters† (in compare with 1200 of Curaà §ao) (â€Å"Second annual ranking,† 2011). It provides the same products but much bigger quantities nationwide, for example, about 90 percent of the over-the-phone interpretations for 911 emergency calls. In fact, most important governments are clients of Languages. Just go to such offices as social security, CUSCUS, DES and you'll see the logo of Languages in a poster showing that free interpretation is available. Curaà §ao has to face this to say it hoses to focus on healthcare instead. SWOT analysis This resulted in Telephone Interpretation being offered since that year. This service connects trained Interpreters via telephone to Limited English Proficient (LEAP) Individuals. Curaà §ao International Is one of those companies that provide critical translation and interpretation services. Worked full time there as an interpreter, which is a chance to gain some insight about the company's workplace as well as into the language service. Let's have a look back at history of the company and perform a SOOT analysis.HISTORY According to the company's homepage, Kevin J. Carrey and Mark Myers patented the first dual-handset phone and founded the company In Tucson, Arizona since 1995, which they named Severer. Three years later, the company's name was changed into Curaà §ao International with Jeremy Woman being Chairman and CEO. It created a subsidiary, Viviane, In 2009, there were 2 big events to the company. It first announced the calculation of Language Learning Enterprises, Inc. (LEE ) and second, opened the Tucson contact center. Its Phoenix contact center was next, In 2012.Like its competitors in the industry, Curaà §ao International Inc. (mentioned here as â€Å"Curaà §ao† or the â€Å"company†), is a diversified language services company, operates wrought Its two sections: Curaà §ao Is for clients In the field of healthcare: healthcare plans, clinics and hospitals, and Valance Is for bal and governments: Insurance, financial services, education, 911, utilities, telecommunications. The products include: Over-the-Phone Interpretation (POP), Video Remote Interpretation (IVR), On-site Interpretation, Document Translation, and Training and Assessment.This information is not quite accurate, at least at present. While working there in 2013 1 saw that clients had to pay $4 per minute and interpreters' received approximately $1 5 an hour ($10 for Spanish interpreters). No wonder Curaà §ao is placed within the Top 15 companies reporting an average ra te of growth of 72. 75 percent growth in 2008. (â€Å"Second annual ranking,† 2011) Weaknesses Firstly, at Curaà §ao there is hardly a strong organization culture. It seems that the company chooses to focus on the call center side of things rather than create one.Many interpreters are misled in thinking of a company that values intelligence and language skills, when it turns out later that they hire bilingual persons to apply their protocols only. Consequently, interpreters should be content with low salaries; this bob does not require a degree. And that is at the time of interviews. Next, there are distinct departments and lines of authority, work activities are designed around individuals. In this call center, 100% of calls are recorded and monitored and employees are required to follow extensive rules and regulations and to minimize formal contact with other employees if not functionally necessary.One supervisor sits at higher booth keeping an eye on 10 Interpreters. A ma nager of each department (that handles one language) walks around examining closely to ensure there are no deviations. Indeed, this is management in the survival mode and there is no workplace spirituality. And that leads the second weakness of Curaà §ao, High Employee Turnover compared to industry averages. Current HCI recruiter, Richard Arena, is a forever busy person. During the 2 years I knew him he was present at almost every Job fair in the Valley.Not only offering both part and full time Jobs, he made recruiters of other company in the fair to point any ethnic minority Jobsharers to his booth. Not only have Richard and his HER team worked really hard, but the company has had a long time policy that any employee gets a $200 reward after successfully bringing in a new interpreter to work for Curaà §ao. Apparently, something underlies the fact that the company is â€Å"Arizona fastest-growing Job creator in 2013 and second fastest in 2012 for creating over 800 Jobs in the sta te† as it claims in its homepage.Opportunities Executive Order 13166 are two out of many opportunities that the language service industry in general, and Curaà §ao in particular have encountered. Fortune Magazine views the approximately â€Å"9% of people in the U. S. Who don't speak English a sizable market waiting to be tapped† (wry. Fortune. Com/addictions). They are right, as according to the U. S. Census, a foreign migrant enters the United States every 22 seconds. These people need insurance, healthcare as well as other products and services†¦ Hill the agents and insurance carriers need the means to explain and sell them. This partly accounts for the phenomenon that language services industry having the growth and revenue numbers that resist recession. On August 1 1, 2000, then-president Bill Clinton signed Executive Order 13166 which â€Å"requires that the Federal agencies work to ensure that recipients of Federal financial assistance roved meaningful acc ess to their LEAP applicants and beneficiaries† (n. D. ).It is expected that that the total national cost of providing language assistance services to LEAP individuals could be as high as $1 to $2 billion annually (â€Å"Why executive order,† 2011). This resulted in the domestic market alone being surprisingly robust-and growing for Curaà §ao as well as other language service companies. Threats At Curaà §ao, it's hardly spoken within the call centers, but we employees all know that Languages Solutions is our long-term and strong competitor who may represent a wreath to future market growth of Curaà §ao.Languages â€Å"employs approximately 5,000 interpreters† (in compare with 1200 of Curaà §ao) (â€Å"Second annual ranking,† 2011). It provides the same products but much bigger quantities nationwide, for example, about 90 percent of the over-the-phone interpretations for 911 emergency calls. In fact, most important governments are clients of Languages. Just go to such offices as social security, CUSCUS, DES and you'll see the logo of Languages in a poster showing that free interpretation is available. Curaà §ao has to face this to say it hoses to focus on healthcare instead. Swot Analysis SWOT ANALYSES SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. It is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Strenghts * These drinks are low calorie yet tasty which is hard to find in every day drinks. * Neuro drinks are packaged in attractive bold coloured bottles which makes these drinks stand out to other bottled drinks. * The bottles in which Neuro drinks are packaged are fully recyclable.This is a big strength as people are becoming more aware of the earth and recycling. * No competitor in Irish market can compete as it’s totally new and different to other drinks in Ireland. There is no opposing brand with exactly the same purpose. * These drinks boost specific brain or body functions. So if a certain one of these drinks doesn’t suit one consumer another one will. * The company is a proud sponsor of SPIN's annual events held in Texas. * Strong, fresh ; fashionable brand identity Weaknesses Although Neuro drinks work they are only a temporary solution. So people cannot mistake them as a lifelong solution. * Neuro drinks contain caffeine which can become addictive resulting in the drink unhealthy for you. * These drinks are slightly higher price than your everyday energy/vitamin drink so families on a low budget may not be able to afford it. * We can’t stress enough how this drink should not be taken in place of a healthy diet. People may take it as that. It should be taken as part of a healthy diet. Neuro core benefits don’t fit into new trends , there are new trends to focus more on being natural, healthy ,new trends not only towards boosting body and brain but also memory ,intelligence ,lowers stress and depression accordingly RB seemsnot to be appealing to the next generation * over the past few years due to depreciation of the US dollar, American products have gained a competitive advantage in pricing; American products are l ess expensive for Irish and European consumers * Above average prices Opportunities Standard promotion and advertising will help to bring more customers attentions to these products, e. g. : Posters, surveys, sponsoring, and Articles. * We see a big opportunity for recognition through sponsorship of sports events. As one particular type of drink is made specifically to enhance and maintain sport performance. * Trust. We need out future customers to trust our drinks and us as a company. We intend to give out testers and create competitions for people to win and try our products. Hopefully a healthy image will be created of our product enough that people what to try. Potential opportunity to productline extension * The new cultural shift especially of guys towards body building and going to the gyms Threats * Company’s selling drinks along the same line. (e. g. Vit water, Red bull) are a big threat. We need to ensure our campaigning is enough to gain loyal customers. * However, Ireland’s GDP growth has been revised upwards from 0. 6% to 1% in 2013. And the inflation rate in Ireland was recorded at 1. 20%in December of 2012 * The fact it’s so new is a huge threat people have little knowledge about this product

Ethics of Human Cloning Essay

In 1971 James D. Watson claimed that one day human cloning would be workable and noted that â€Å"as many people as possible be informed about the new ways for human reproduction and their potential consequences, both good and bad†(Burley and Harris 2001, p. 69). Watson’s statement was given little attention. In 1997, the birth of Dolly, today the world’s most famous sheep, caused widespread public excitement. Dolly became artificially produced clone and proof that cloning large animals like sheep or humans would be possible. More importantly perhaps, Dolly raises many different sorts of important questions for human beings. Human cloning has been met with widespread unease all over the world and generated a series of ethical issues that will be discussed in this paper. Main Body In opposition to productive cloning it is asserted that the method would be causing danger to human beings. For example, Dr Harry Griffin, the director of the Roslin Institute, Scotland, that successfully cloned Dolly the sheep indicates that: It would be irresponsible to try and clone a human being, given the present state of the technology†¦. The chances of success are so low it would be irresponsible to encourage people to think there’s a real prospect. The risks are too great for the woman, and of course for the child (Griffin, 2001). However, while the possible success regarding human cloning may be low and there may be risks of undeveloped embryos, against this it could be claimed that similar arguments could have been directed against the potential efficiency of in vitro fertilization techniques (IVF). IVF was once considered unsuccessful but today is a well-developed and valued treatment for infertility. IVF would never have developed if negative reasons such as this were successfully used to oppose it. A second concern on the subject of human cloning is about the motivation of those who would want to clone themselves and others. On the one hand, it might be accepted that human cloning would make possible for infertile couples to produce genetically related children. On the other hand, there seems to be a worry that people may use human cloning not in order to found a family but with purpose to make a ‘copy’ of themselves. In addition, there may be people who hope to produce ‘copies’ of other living or dead individuals. For example, it was this motivation for cloning that was the theme of the fictional film The Boys from Brazil. In the film Hitler’s genotype was cloned to produce a Fuehrer for the future (Harris 1998, p. 169). However, any clone of an existing person will not be a ‘copy’ of that person. Having the same genotype as another individual does not make a clone the same individual and it is probable that effects from the egg and from the environment would make any clone considerably different from their genetic ‘twin’. While this may be so, it could be likely that those who employ human cloning with purpose to produce a copy of themselves or others will not be proper parents. As a result, the welfare of any produced child will suffer. The motivation of many parents to produce a child may also not withstand close examination. What would be a ‘good’ motivation for wishing to have a sun or daughter? It could be claimed that all motivations to bring to birth a child are based, at least to some degree, on the selfish feelings of future parents. A third main concern on the regard of human cloning involves these kinds of worries about the well-being of the produced child. It may be possible that any child born as a result of nuclear somatic transfer cloning will experience disadvantage either because he/she is ‘robbed’ of his/her genetic identity or because he/ she will not have an ‘open future’ (Harris 1998, p. 169). To what extent is a cloned person robbed of his/her genetic identity? While most human beings are genetically unique, there seems to be no indication that permitting the birth of genetically identical twins derived from a single fertilized ovum robs anyone of their ‘genetic identity’ or even that the fact that twins of this kind share a genetic identity is causing harm to these individuals. It could be stated, therefore, that it thus seems not clear why this factor should make human cloning unethical. It has been indicated (Holm, 1998) that clones created by means of nuclear somatic transfer cloning will live their lives in the shadow of their older genetic ‘twin. As a result, the clones will not have the ‘open future’ that most of ordinary people have and, it might be argued, human beings have a right to. Soren Holm, for example, argues that: Usually when a child is born we ask hypothetical questions like ‘How will it develop? ‘ or ‘What kind of person will it become? ‘ and we often answer them with reference to various psychological traits we can identify in the biological mother or father or in their families†¦In the case of the clone we are, however, likely to give much more specific answers to such questions. Answers that will then go on to affect the way the child is reared (Holm, 1998, pp. 160-161). Holm’s point of view is that producing a clone that lives life in the shadow of an older genetic twin is unethical as: It diminishes the clone’s possibility of living a life that is in a full sense of that word his or her life. The clone is forced to be involved in an attempt to perform a complicated partial re-enactment of the life of somebody else (the original) (Holm, 1998, p. 162). This means that while people usually claim for the importance of the moral principles of respect for individual autonomy or the power to make a decision for oneself without influence from outside, people are violating these principles by robbing clones this opportunity to live their lives in the way they want. The way the clones were produced will putt them in a position where they are living in a shadow. However, even if this claim is true that clones would ‘live in the shadow’ of their genetic ‘originals’, it is not obvious that this fact should compel people to prohibit human cloning. Arguments that compel people to consider the well-being of a resulting child are questionable. It has been claimed that a person is only wronged by being brought to birth if he/she has a life ‘so bad that it would be a cruelty rather than a kindness to bring it into existence’ (Bennett and Harris, 2002, p. 323). This kind of unfortunate existence is sometimes characterized as an ‘unworthwhile life’. An ‘unworthwhile’ life would be a life of extremely negative experience and worsening. Other lives that may be not perfect, but not so worthless as to deprive that individual of an amazing experience of living, are termed ‘worthwhile lives’. In this regard, the statement is that as long as a person is likely to have a ‘worthwhile life’ he/she is not disadvantaged by being brought to birth. Thus, even if a human clone is likely to have a life that is somehow less than ideal, his or her suffering is unlikely to be such that it makes life ‘unworthwhile’. It could therefore be claimed that while being born a clone may not be the ideal way of coming into the world, it is the only opportunity of existing in this world and to have a life that is likely to be worth living. If this position was considered, it would establish human cloning as ethically acceptable at least on the grounds of giving the child a right to exist. Conclusion The topic human cloning has a number of ethically puzzling if not problematic features. Cloning will be one of the most hotly debated and least well-understood phenomena in near future. Today human cloning meets with overwhelming opposition. However, it is clear that human cloning turns out to be the perfect embodiment of the ruling possibilities for new age.

A Study On Globacom Limited Marketing Essay

A Study On Globacom Limited Marketing Essay Nigeria’s mobile telecommunication industry started in 2001, with the launch of Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM). Since then, Nigeria has emerged as the fasting growing Telecommunications economies in the Africa, and third in the world, after China and Brazil (Aneke, 2009). Globacom is one of the biggest telecommunication companies in Nigeria, It is the only Telecommunication company amongst the top 4 GSM providers, to be have originated from Nigeria. Not only is Globacom a proudly Nigerian company, it has successfully been targeted as the pace setter (based on innovations) of the telecommunications industry in Nigeria (Ochai, 2009 ). Since its launched in 2002, and started its operations in August 2003, it was the first mobile phone service provider to offer per second billing in Nigeria. This gave Globacom a great competitive advantage, has other mobile operators were only offering per minute billing (Ochai, 2009). The next paragraph looks at the background of Gl obacom, to understand how it started, and see how far it has gone since its inception. Background of Globacom Globacom was launched in 2002 by Nigerian business tycoon / billionaire Dr Mike Adenuga, who is already successfully in the oil industry, with Conoil plc and the banking industry with Equatorial Trust bank (ETB). It started operations in August 2003 by offering both per second and per minute billing. Being the first in Nigeria to offer per second billings, people gradually started swapping their SIMS to Globacom SIMS as the per second billing was seen as a cheaper option. Globacom started to grow and gain market share, just one year after it started operations, it has gained 25% market share in the telecommunications industry. The next paragraph is the Globacom Vision, now that its background has been analysis, it is necessary to see where it plans to go. (check for definition of vision and adjust this part and the beginning of the next) Globacom’s Vision Globacomâ₠¬â„¢s vision is building Africa’s biggest and best Telecommunications network (www.gloworld.com ). This is a big dream for a company that started just six years ago. So far they are aiming towards achieving their goal by being continuously innovative and being one of the best telecommunication services providers in Nigeria. Globacom is now present in Nigeria, Cà ´te d’Ivoire, Benin republic and Ghana (www.gloworld.com). Now that the vision is known, the subsequent chapter analysises the Globacom strategies so far in the bid to realise its vision. Key strategies: creating a competitive positioning Market target Globacom Limited’s market target is the generation X and Generation Y of the Nigerian and African population, based on the type of products and services they offer. They have continued to offer services that would appeal to this target Audience. The products and services includes free Globacom to Globacom midnight, free MMS, and lots more. Globacom Limit ed has also targeted the average and below average citizen they constitute majority of the Africa population and they have done this by reducing their pricing, which makes their products and services more appealing to them. Cost leadership

GEOGRAPHY - Comparison of Two Latin American Nations -CHILE and Essay

GEOGRAPHY - Comparison of Two Latin American Nations -CHILE and ARGENTINA - Essay Example If we compare these factors, it can be noted that the population below poverty line is high in Argentina (38.5%) than in Chile (18.2%). In terms of inflation rates also Argentina has a higher inflation rate than Chile and hence it can be noted that the cost of living is high in Argentina than in Chile. When we compare these factors such as population under poverty line and inflation rate, it can be said that Chile is a better developed nation than Argentina. Though Argentina in more industrialized than Chile, unemployment rate is high in Argentina. Argentina and Chile have good infrastructure including railroads, highways, airports and telecommunications facilities. Comparatively, Argentina has better infrastructure than Chile. The idea of a standard may be contrasted with the quality of life, which takes into account not only the material standard of living, but also other more subjective factors that contribute to human life, such as leisure, safety, cultural resources, social life, mental health, environmental quality issues etc. When we compare these factors, Chile is comparatively safer and peaceful than Argentina. The potential for terrorist activity is low in Chile where as in Argentina individuals and organizations with ties to extremist groups, including some known to provide financial support to designated foreign terrorist organizations, operate in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, in the tri-border area between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. It was also noted that Argentina has seen in recent years, a number of small bomb/incendiary incidents in metropolitan Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata, Santa Fe, and other cities. The bulk of the targets have been bank branches (ATMs), fast food restaurants, and Arge ntine government-affiliated offices.   These incidents usually occurred in the middle of the night and appeared intended to cause only property

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada Essay

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada class ( First Nation course) - Essay Example Due to the interest that I had in the course and my eagerness to learn more, I always strived to grasp everything that was taught and to also study on my own so that I could be able to grasp everything I could possibly get. This allowed me to appreciate the traditional Canada and the manner it has transformed over the years. I developed a lot of interest in this course, right from the beginning, when the various topics that we were to study were introduced. The main reason as to why I had lots of interest in this course is due to the fact that it is a course that gave me an opportunity to understand Canada and the various historical aspects of the Canadian society. This was made possible through the studying of several topics that are associated to the antiquity of the Canadian society. Some of the topic that were studied in this course that were interesting included study of the original inhabitants of the land, settling of foreigners in Canada, emergence of conflicts among the traditional Canadian societies, the conflicts with the foreigners, mediation that led to the settling of the issues that had been raised and the reemergence of self-governance (Dickason & Newbigging, 2010). This course covered various aspects of the society that included human population issues, social cultural factors in Canada and the economic aspects of the traditional Canadian community and society. This is in addition to looking at the various systems that existed in the traditional Canadian society and the transformation of the society and the systems. The topic that best fascinated me in this class is the topic on the aboriginal healing movement. The major reason why this topic was so much of interest to me is due to the fact that it demonstrated how the conflict that had been experienced in the Canadian community was solved through reconciliation. This in turn transformed conflicts into peace and allowed various communities to live together. Aboriginal healing

Critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of universal and Essay

Critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of universal and contingent approaches to human resource strategy. Give examples to illustrate your answer - Essay Example Since the human resources act as the cornerstone of an organization, that may enhance its productivity and total sale as well as strengthen the brand image and reputation in the market among others. Not only this, the position and supremacy of an organization might also get enhanced only if the employees and the leaders work optimistically and efficiently. Moreover, the brand value and position of the organization might get enhanced thereby amplifying its profitability in the market among many other existing rival players. Other than this, the organization might retain its portfolio in this competitive market only if it implements all sorts of universal or best practices within the organization in an effective way. Such practices might amplify the inner skills and talents of the employees that may boost their level of performance and total output of the organization to a significant extent among many other co-players. This essay is divided into five phrases mainly highlighting the importance of universal and contingent approaches within an organization. Along with this, it also discusses the pitfalls of implementing such types of approaches with an organization with relevant examples as well. In order to maintain the efficiency and dominance in this aggressive market, the most essential strategy is extensive planning and scheduling of the human resource needs and requirements. By doing so, the organizational management might understand the desired requirements of the work-forces to accomplish the future goals and objectives of the business group. Apart from this, with the help of this type of planning’s, the organizational management might attain a link among human resource management and overall strategic planning of the group. This might prove effective for the organization to analyse the working capabilities of the existing work-forces, the type of

'Going global, acting local - communicating global brands to global Assignment

'Going global, acting local - communicating global brands to global markets' - Assignment Example For instance the issues related to the differences in the cultural, political, social and economical factors. This report highlights on the Global, Local and Glocal Strategies followed by various brands. Global, Local and Glocal Strategies The theory of standardization for the marketing activities works on a marketing level but is often seen to lack richness of details that is needed to act at a tactical and operative level. Marketers of multinational organizations are facing difficulties in creating products and advertising programs that can communicate effectively with the diversified target markets. To provide a solution to this problem and assist in this task various frameworks have been developed that would determine the degree of effort required and which effort to follow global, local or mixed. Globalization Robertson (1992, cited by Waters, 2002) stated that globalization can be defined as a concept that leads to compression of the world and at the same time intensifies consc iousness. Speaking broadly two complementary disciplines namely sociology and political economy are seen to make significant contribution to the study of globalization (Coca-Stefaniak & Parker, 2010). From the political economic point of view globalization is defined as an integration of nation economies with the global economies through investment and trade further advanced by technology, â€Å"the process is driven by the theory of comparative advantage, the goal of international competitiveness and the growth model† (Hines, 2000, p. 4). A more diverse viewpoint has been presented from the sociology view point. Ritzer (2004) and Giddens (1991) has seen globalization as standardised and homogenised phenomenon and finally construed by Albrow (1992, p. 248) as â€Å"the process whereby the population of the world is increasingly bonded into a single society†. Hence globalization addresses the business issue by taking a product to the global market (Pym, 2009). While des igning marketing strategy the whole world is viewed as a single entity and standardised products are developed and marketed in the same way everywhere (Vignali, 2001). Zara is a leading international fashion clothing retailer and one of the successful and fastest growing companies in Spain (Hill & Jones, 2009). The designers at Zara create approximately 40,000 new designs every year from which only 10,000 are selected. Zara offers clothing for men (about 22% of sales), women (about 58%) and children (about 20%) (Torun, 2007). It is well known for its fashion sensitive product being manufactured internally. The products offered by Zara are designed as such that it matches with the climatic, cultural and physical differences of the country like small size cloths for people of Japan, cloths matching to the different seasons of South America and special cloths for women in the Arab countries. However 85% to 90% of the basic designs available at Zara are common for all the countries in w hich it serves (Ghemawat And Nueno, 2006). This commonality is due to the regular interaction between La Coruna, the creative team and the local store managers. About 10%-15% of the product offered by Zara does not differ from country to country; they are retrieved from the same menu of products. The products

Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Mix - Research Paper Example the core product, the augmented product and the tertiary product (Ferrell, 2010). Before a company enters the process of creating a product, it has to answer some questions like; what type of product do they want to sell, what would be the quality of their product and also decide whether they will label their product as only new or sub brand. Based on these questions, some decisions have to be made. These product decisions affect all other marketing mix variables e.g. launching a machine of the highest quality influence the price and marketing strategy to be adopted to promote it. Being the determinant of any other marketing variable, a product features can be altered to make it fit in the marketing mix (Ferrell, 2010). This variable is largely dependent on other marketing variables therefore calls for regular review. The key factors that affect the price of products are advertising expenses, marketing expenses, distribution cost of the product, cost of creating a product and any damage fluctuation in the market (Dogra, 2007). These factors varies independently thus causing price of a product to bear the brunt of changes for a certain period of time. The change in these other variables calls for reduction or increase in the price of the product accordingly. Other external factors also hugely affect the pricing strategy to be adopted by a company. Competition vastly determines the pricing strategy to be adopted by a company. Especially if, the two companies’ products are substitutes, then a company has to set prices that are appropriate to the so as to avoid losing the market advantage to the competitors. Some companies choose to use pricing as a tool to position their product. Others use pricing as a tool to support sales promotions. They give their esteemed customers sales promotions inform of trade discount (Dogra, 2007). This usually refers to the distribution channels a company uses to make its product to the market. A consumer based

The Friedman Family Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Friedman Family Model - Essay Example The Friedman Family Assessment Model outlines six assessment categories, but the two most relevant to the Morrison family are family structure and family functions. When the parents die, the children are left to take care of themselves, with some assistance from neighbors such as Mrs. Stanovich. Prior to the parent’s death, Mr. Morrison had received some education that had enabled him to get employed at a local bank. He was the head of the family and took care of his mother, brothers, and sisters. After the death of their parents, Mart and Luke have taken over as the heads of the family and have had to provide for their younger sisters. Luke gives up his teaching training to take care of his sisters. He had hardly noticed the existence of Bo when their parents were alive, but after their demise he takes over the role of her father. In a family where siblings have a large age difference, there is a minimum interaction between them according to Friedman et al.. The elder childre n feel threatened by the birth of other children and show rivalry towards the newborns. Matt is also forced to work for the Pye family, their neighbors, in order to supplement the family income. (Lawson, 2002). Matt acts as an idol to Kate due to his academic excellence, but when he makes Marie pregnant and is unable to join the university, Kate considers him to be a loser. Older boys in a family serve as stimulators or models (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). There are several explosions of anger and frustration between Matt and Luke, which make Kate be withdrawn. This makes her unable to communicate with Matt despite their tight bond immediately after the death of their

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology - Essay Example Adolescent substance abuse can be defined as the use of a drug or chemical â€Å"that modifies the mood or behavior of the user† by which, â€Å"the user’s functioning is negatively affected† (Lewis, Dana and Blevins, 2009, p.4). Substance abuse is also different from addiction in that when addiction is there, the person shows â€Å"physical symptoms of withdrawal or tolerance to the substance† (Lewis, Dana and Blevins, 2009, 4). Any deviant behavior is proven to have â€Å"multiple causes† (Isralowitz and Singer, 2009, 10). The causes of adolescent substance abuse are understood to have developed from a â€Å"complex interaction of interpersonal, social and developmental factors† (Lorion, 1990, p.203). Developmental factors are supposed to be the most important causes for this problem, as puberty will bring in many physical changes, along with changes in thinking, self-image and self-esteem (Lorion, 1990, p.203). Though it is very difficult to list all the causes involved, it is approved by all that substance abuse results in serious health problems in adolescents (Isralowitz and Singer, 1983, p.1). Prevention, early identification, intervention, and maintaining of corrected behavior are the steps in treating this kind of deviance (Isralowitz and Singer, 1983, p.1).

Self Introduction Essay Example for Free

Self Introduction Essay Goodmorning maam, classmates, and friends. Today, i would like to impart some facts about me. Most of you here dont know me yet so first of all, i would like to introduce myself. I am Jenifer Aya-ay. I was born on the 26th of September, 1993. I am 19 years old to be exact. I am taking up BS Tourism Major in Ecotourism and this is my third-year of studying in this university. I came from the Province of Misamis Occidental particularly in the city of Oroquieta. My campus address is in Ashreen Cottage Dimalna II, MSU-Marawi City. Normally, I am a loud type of person most especially when i am with my friends. So dont be surprised whenever i get noisy at times. I guess i have gotten this kind of attitude from my family because most of them are also talented of being a conversationalist. Id love to meet new people and socializing with them. In short, I could be everybodys friend. My favorite pastime is sleeping. I just love to sleep and i dont know why. Next is that I spend much time in surfing the internet particularly the social networking sites such as facebook and twitter. I also have interest in singing and dancing. Way back elementary and high school years, I used to join dance troupes and singing competitions but unfortunately, it was not practiced anymore when i entered college. As for now, I would like to share to you a more personal stuff. Everyone, I already have a baby. As for anyone who got pregnant for an early age, you will have mixed and strange emotions on how to deal with such difficult situation. But suddenly, i realized that Ive got nowhere to go and so I took the guts to tell the situation to my parents besides, no one else could help me get through this except them. By then, we had some mellow-dramatic moments you could never imagine. After I confessed everthing, it was when i can say that im truly blessed for having an open-minded, considerate and understanding parents eventhough i have disappointed them a lot. So much for that, i want to show you the most beautiful reward i got out from that experience. This is my precious little baby. I gave birth to her on the 25th day of January this year. As you can see, shes an innocent, delicate thing and indeed, a gorgeous daughter just like her mother. I am proud to say that this experience was the moment i did something that took a lot of courage and a milestone that seemed so bad but turned out to be good.

The Outsiders - how does the attack on Johnny affect the boys Essay Example for Free

The Outsiders how does the attack on Johnny affect the boys Essay In the book The Outsiders a boy named Johnny is attacked by a rival gang called the Socs. In this essay I am going to explain how the attack on Johnny has affected the whole gang and friends of Johnny both emotionally and physically. We known the attack was dreadful from the reaction from each of the gang members. Also we know the attack was awful because there was blood on Johnnys clothes and there where marks from where he had been punch from rings from one the Socs. His white t-shirt was splattered with blood. Soda pop was the first to reach Johnny after he had been attacked. Sodapop was gentle and calm in making the situation better rather than worse. Its okay Johnnycake there gone now this shows how Sodapop acts as Johnnys fatherly figure as Johnny really doesnt have one at home. Ponyboy arrives second. Sodapop is sick to his stomach and terrified to what the Socs have done I just stood there trembling with sudden cold. This shows how the attack on Johnny was particularly bad and how beat up Johnny was. Steve arrived third and was immediately felt sick. Steve closed his eyes and muffled a groan. This shows that Steve is kind of saying in his mind oh no. Two bit Mathews arrived fourth and was not smile as usually. And for once his comical grin was gone and his dancing eyes were stormy. This is another sign to show that the attack was bad because two bit Matthews is always happy even in a bad situation. Dally arrived fifth and had the worst reaction of all dally was there to and was swearing under his breath and turning away sick expression on his face this shows that is extremely bad because dally had seen people killed on the streets of New York and remained unaffected. This proves how Johnny was affected physically. Darry came fourth darry had seen us from the porch and ran toward us suddenly skidding to a halt. This shows that the attack was so bad that if you saw it you would just stop. I believe all the boys acted emotionally thinking of Johnny only especially sodapop. Johnny was most affected from the act for several reasons. and Johnny who was the most law abiding of us , now carried in his back pocket a six inch switchblade. Johnny who is usually the best acted of the bunch of boys know carries a flip knife around with him everywhere he goes and he never goes alone anywhere. The attack on him has had such an affect because we were used to seeing Johnny banged up before his father clobbered him around a lot but Johnny still remained firm after a beating and never cried. So it meant that the beatings had finally broken him. This proved how Johnny had been affected emotionally. S.E. Hilton uses a lot of descriptive phrase and words to describe how the attack on Johnny was horrible. And this is shown in the book. Allowing the reader to feel and literally see what has happened to Johnny through the reactions and thoughts of the greaser gang.

Burgess and Martin Dehydrating Reagents

Burgess and Martin Dehydrating Reagents An understanding of synthetically useful dehydrating reagents for the reduction of hydroxyl groups, various functional group interconversions and other synthetically useful operations. Oday Alrifai Dehydration of alcohols has been a synthetically useful strategy in order to attain olefins in high yields through the treatment of secondary, tertiary and homoallylic alcohols. Martin sulfurane and Burgess dehydrating reagents have been useful because of their mild and selective properties on alcohol containing species. [1] Both reagents have made a significant contribution in industrial and academic applications, aiding in the synthesis of natural products and drugs. The Burgess Reagent, known as Methyl-N-(triethylammoniumsulphonyl)carbamate (Figure 1), is an interesting reagent assisting formations of 5-membered heterocycles, initially derived from the acyclic precursor by dehydrative treatment. [1] It was first discovered by Edward Meredith Burgess in 1968, but was not given much attention until Peter Wipf proposed the idea of heterocyclic formation. Further research on this reagent, such as the preparation of isocyanides and nitrile oxides from formamides and nitroalkanes, respe ctively, have been investigated. [1] Figure 1. Structure of Methyl-N-(triethylammoniumsulphonyl)carbamate, also known as Burgess’s dehydrating reagent. [1] Similar to the Burgess reagent, Martin reagent (or Martin sulfurane) is another dehydrating reagent possessing high reactivity to allow the production of alkenes, with diphenyl sulfoxide and a alcohol as minor products, occurring fast (approximately one hour) and at below room temperatures. [2] It was James C. Martin who discovered this stable, moisture sensitive sulfurane, also known as bis(ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ±-bis[trifluoromethyl]benzyloxy)diphenyl sulfur (Figure 2), in 1971. [2][3] Similar to the Burgess reagent, the mechanistic action may be similar, via E1 and/or E2 (or cis) elimination, in order for the treatment of secondary and primary alcohols, respectively. [3] Also similar, cyclic heteroatoms have been more favorable in synthesis, due to carbenium ion rearrangement, via alcoholic dehydration. [3] Figure 2. Structure of bis(ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ±-bis[trifluoromethyl]benzyloxy)diphenyl sulfur, also known as Martin’s sulfurane or Martin’s dehydrating reagent. [10] Preparation of the Burgess reagent requires the incorporation of two commercially available chemicals, chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and trieethylamine (TEA), and ceases in two steps. Figure 3 illustrates the treatment of CSI with anhydrous methanol and dry benzene at temperatures ranging from 25-30 °C, for approximately half-hour. This fairly quick reaction gives good yields (88-92%) of methyl (chlorosulfonyl) carbamate (MCC) which exists as white crystals when filtered and washed with hexanes. The generated MCC is then treated with a solution of TEA in anhydrous benzene, at temperatures ranging from 10-15 °C, over the course of one hour. The generated salt, Methyl-N-(triethylammoniumsulphonyl)carbamate, precipitates into colorless needles (84-86% yield). [1] Figure 3. Preparation of the inner salt (Burgess reagent) from two commercially available compounds, trieethylamine and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. A special type of elimination reaction is believed to occur during the period the Burgess reagent is operational. The simultaneous elimination of two vicinal substituents, forming an alkene framework from an alkane, is the route of an intramolecular (Ei) mechanism or a syn elimination. The mechanistic action taken by the Burgess reagent, illustrated in Figure 4, will first produce a sulfamate ester by the attack of the sulfonyl group as well as the rapid displacement of the TEA group, by oxygen’s lone pair in methanol (pka=15.5). [1][4] By heating the sulfamate ester, pyrolysis is initiated, the ÃŽ ±-carbon is ionized and bears an ion that rapidly transfers the ÃŽ ²-hydrogen from the cationic to the anionic state. [1] Figure 4. Mechanism illustrating treatment of Burgess reagent with ethanol, allowing the extraction of the ÃŽ ²-hydrogen and formation of the olefin. In general, the extraction of the proton and the expulsion of the leaving group will generate the expected olefin, shown in Figure 5. The production of the olefin depends on the geometry of the molecule, therefore the hydrogen must be present in the syn conformation to the leaving group (TEA) in order for the reaction to proceed. In addition, the leaving group has nucleophilic properties that will allow the proton to be extracted readily in low polarity solvents. It also should bear multiple proton acceptor sites to permit favorable proton capture. [1] It is possible however that the cis elimination not be observed due to carbonium ion stability, which is stabilized by substituents, and/or a more stable configuration by means of rearrangement. [1] Figure 5. Example of a syn elimination, where the proton adjacent to the carbon bearing the reagent is removed and the deuterium remains a substituent with the olefin formation. Pertaining to Figure 5, the type of alcohol group (secondary, tertiary and homoallylic), the configuration and the environment are the main factors that affect the process of the reaction. The dehydration of a secondary or tertiary alcohol, in an aprotic solvent, follows Saytzef’s rule to form a more thermodynamically stable alkene, versus the kinetic product. Oppositely, primary alcohols (Figure 5i) will not yield the expected olefins; rather carbamates via an SN2 pathway as they are energetically more favorable. Steric hindrance is another important factor when treating with the Burgess Reagent.[1] Such an example holds true in primary sulfamate esters where intramolecular rearrangement occurs when temperatures increase due to the restrictions on bimolecular displacement (Figure 5ii). Depending on the conditions of the reaction, such as solvent polarity and temperature, allylic alcohols can either undergo elimination or SN1 rearrangement (Figure 5iii), with more favorable ap proaches of SN1 reactions providing greater than 90% yields. The same is applicable for tertiary alcohols where they can be subjected to rearrangement even though, under normal conditions, undergo dehydration. [1] Figure 6. Examples illustrating i) primary alcohols will not undergo olefin formation, rather producing a carbamate via SN2, ii) sterically hindered compounds can proceed with the formation of a thermodynamic product (Saytzef’s rule) and iii) allylic alcohol dehydration via elimination or SN1. [1] Functional group interconversions (FGI) can aid in many useful syntheses to design versatile compounds. With the assistance of Burgess’s reagent, high yields have been obtained through the transformation of formamides to isocyanides, nitrile oxides from nitroalkanes and nitriles from primary amides, for example. To stimulate the formation of nitriles from primary amides, the Burgess reagent is often employed instead of other reagents. [1] The problem arises when particular reagents come in contact with certain functional groups, requiring protecting groups or alternative multi-step syntheses to carry out the production. Burgess reagent is employed due to its chemoselective properties and its ability to form the intermediate in a fast(er) manner. As a result of this quick reaction, the product is kinetically more favored. [1] Figure 7 illustrates the interconversion of an amide to allow the Burgess reagent to proceed with dehydrative activities, thus yielding isocyanide with re arrangement. Figure 7. To allow dehydration of the alcohol, an amide undergoes interconversion to allow the Burgess reagent to proceed, forming isocyanide. Knowing the environment the alcohol group is in and how its configuration can be altered, the synthesis of natural products in industry, by usage of this reagent, has been of great synthetic value. For example, dihydrooxazoles are important heterocyclic-containing intermediates used in the synthesis of many biologically active natural products. Initially, these compounds have required an extensive multi-step synthesis for their preparation and previous attempts to cyclize have provided low product yields (25%) and an abundance of recovered starting material. [5] Wipf and Miller investigated more efficient protocols that would obtain better yields of the ÃŽ ²-sulfonate derivatives (Figure 8) of threonine and serine via a more selective intramolecular substitution. Treating the hydroxyl amino acid precursors, threonine and serine, with the reagent allowed the production of dihydrooxazoles because of their high reactivity to stimulate intramolecular cyclization. [5] Unlike other reagent s removing hydroxyl substituents, Burgess reagent allows stereospecific production of dihydrooxazoles without the formation of minor products like azirdine or ÃŽ ²-lactam. [5] Figure 8. Formation of the olefin, via dehydration, and proceeding with intramolecular cyclization to form the 5-membered ring. A paper by Rigby et al. investigated phenanthridone alkaloids originating from the narciclasine family and their anti-tumor properties. The synthesis of (+)-lycoricidine involved the use of the Burgess reagent in order to selectively deprotect the hydroxyl group and to promote cis elimination. [1][6] When dehydrated into an olefin, the compound can exhibit antimitotic activity, which in turn can elicit cytotoxic activities involved in the inhibition of plant growth and regulation, for example. [7] Chida et al. reported that synthetic (+)-lycoricidine exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, suggesting stereochemistry was a responsible and an important component for the elevated cytotoxicity. [7] Other synthetically useful examples of products that are of value are medicinal drugs such as Efrotomycin, which is a new class of antibiotics eliciting anti-bacterial properties that act on gram-positive bacteria, [8] and Pravastatin, which is involved in the management of atherosclerosis and is a regulator of blood lipid levels. [9] Burgess reagent is either involved in the final step in order to form the olefin or participates in a one or two-step synthesis for the production of the precursor. Other uses of the Burgess reagent have been investigated by Canadian researchers at Brock University by designing thermally stable versions of the Burgess reagent with an objective to improve reactivity on epoxides, diols and vinyl oxiranes in comparison to the original reagent. [17] They tested the reactivity of the Burgess reagent with oxiranes, both in cyclic and acyclic conformations, providing low yields of sulfamidates. Also, epoxidation reactions, which required two equivalents of the Burgess reagent, provided cis-sulfamidates at low yields. [17] Since yields were not above their expected 40%, new derivatives created by Metcalf et al. allowed for anion or cation stability in the zwitterion. They tested thermal stability by monitoring the decomposition, in THF-d8 at 50 °C, of four new versions of the Burgess reagent showing stability and reactivity of the original reagent can be improved by inductive components of the zwitterion. [17] The inductive effects depress the nucleop hilicity of the carbamate anion, reducing formation of the sulfamidates and favouring diamine formation. This allows for the Burgess reagent to be synthetically useful in work other than dehydrative operations. [17] Figure 9 illustrates the conversion of a styrene diol to the diamine compound by treating with the modified Burgess reagent 1. Figure 9. Treatment of the modified Burgess reagent 1 with styrene diol, yielding a diamine compound to demonstrate other uses for this reagent. Martin sulfurane not only participates in dehydrative reactions but also in several other synthetically useful reactions, such as the production of sulfinimines, epoxidation reactions, cleavage of amides and oxidation. [12] Preparation of the diphenylsulfur compound incorporates commercially available 2-phenyl-2-propanol, using potassium hydroxide as the deprotonating agent, bromine and diphenylsulfide. [12] Stereospecificity of a molecule, as a reactant or product, is important in order to carry out biological functions. Under certain conditions, such as varying solvent polarities and reaction temperatures, Martin sulfurane induces stereospecific dehydration that allows for the formation of certain isomers. (E)-isomerism in certain products exists because of trans-E2 eliminations, whereas the (Z)-isomer is more favored due to the attachment of the sulfurane in the antiperiplanar conformation for the E2 elimination. [2] The mechanistic action first involves the exchange of the alkoxy ligand on either side the sulfurane, producing an alkoxysulfonium ion as a result of ionization and then proceeding through E1 or E2 elimination. [12] Illustrated in Figure 10, using tertiary-butyl alcohol as an example, Arhart and Martin suggest that all alcohols used in their experimental appeared to exchange rapidly with the alkoxy ligands of the Martin reagent. The cause of this is not definite but it wa s proposed that a dissociative mechanism was carried out. [10][11] Figure 10. The proposed mechanism illustrating the production of the expected olefin by means of dehydration when Martin sulfurane is used. Similar to the Burgess reagent, dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols yield the expected olefin but treatment of primary alcohols, such as ethanol and neopentyl alcohols with Martin reagent, favors the formation of unsymmetrical ethers due to the absence of structural features that aid in the elevation of ÃŽ ²-proton acidity. [10][11] Wensley et al. reported that treatment of a secondary alcohol with Martin sulfurane can lead to the production of a ketone by oxidation, in addition to the predicted olefin containing compound during the synthesis of their natural product containing a spiroketal enol ether. They proposed that the intermediate, containing the alkoxysulfonium ion, had proceeded forward via two possible routes, one of which was the deprotontation of the ÃŽ ²-proton allowing the olefin (or enol ether) formation and/or the other resulting in oxidation through intermolecular deprotonation by the excess –ORf (Rf = C6H5C(CF3)2 . [13] A paper written by Moslin and Jamison investigated the synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin, a natural metabolite found in blue-green algae, exhibiting effective antineoplastic activity against Lewis lung carcinoma and a potent cytotoxic agent against KB and N1H/3T3 cell lines. [14] The synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin underwent intermolecular condensation, through application of the Reformatsky reaction, affording a ÃŽ ²-hydroxy ketone followed by dehydration with the Martin sulfurane. [14] Prior to treatment with Martin sulfurane, samarium (II) iodide (SmI2 or Kagan’s reagent) was used to carry out the intramolecular Reformatsky reaction. [14] SmI2 has its limitations when intermolecular rearrangements occur because of side reaction formation and and oxidative dimerization of the enolate by the samarium therefore when coupled with Martin sulfurane, a 2-step sequence was carried forward to overcome sterically hindered structures (Figure 11). [12][14] Figure 11. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimers are caused by the degradation of the nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neurotrophin family of proteins. Therapeutic potential of NGFs have been extensively studied for the prevention, slow progression and even the reversal of these disorders. [15][16] Trzoss et al. have investigated other therapeutic strategies by synthetically mimicking neurotrophins in order to allow their biosynthesis. [16] The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-jiadifenin was carried forward with the assistance of Martin sulfurane. Trzoss et al. were unsuccessful when trying to eliminate the secondary alcohol via Barton-McCombie deoxygenation as well as mesylation and treatment with a variety of bases in order to obtain the desired alkene. When treated with Martin sulfurane, the olefin was obtained and was selectively hydrogenated, obtaining a 72% yield in two steps. [16] Geng and Danishefsky recently synthesized the macrolide aigiolamycin D, via Diels-Alder, using disiloxydiene and a 14-membered dienophile also known as the ynolide (or dienophile).[18] Having two or more of the same functional groups within a system can be difficult when trying to selectively treat one of the targets. Protecting groups are important in unsymmetrical synthesis, in comparison with symmetrical molecules which are chemically equivalent and protecting either side (with functional groups) is simple. Greg and Danishefsky proceeded to protect the diol group to allow the loner –OH unit to participate in the upcoming sequences. The loner –OH was protected via a silyl ether to allow the deprotection of the pivaloyl ester and formation of the –OH group. This –OH group can then be treated with Martin sulfurane, in methylene chloride solution, to form the resulting olefin and then deprotection (or conversion) of the dioxylane to the diol. [18] REFERENCES Khapli, S.; Dey, S.; Mal, D. J. Indian Inst. Sci. 2001, 81, 461-476. Li, J.J; Corey, E.J. Name Reactions of Functional Group Transformations. 2007 (Wiley) Meth-Cohn, R.K. Synthesis: Carbon with No Attached Heteroatoms. 2003 (Elsevier) Ballinger, P.; Long, F.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 795-798. Wipf, P.; Miller, C.P. Tetrahedron Letters. 1992, 33, 907-910. Rigby, J.H.; Maharoof, U.S.M.; Mateo, M.E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6224-6228. Chida, N.; Ohtsuka, M.; Ogawa, S. J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 4441-4447. Dolle, R.E.; Nicolaou, K.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1691-1694. Daniewski, A.; Wovkulich, P.M.; UskokoviĆ¡. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7133-7139. Arhart, R.J.; Martin, J.C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 5003-5010 Li, J.J. Name Reactions. 2014 (Springer) Pooppanal, S.S. Synlett. 2009, 5, 850-851. Wensley, A. M.; Hardy, A.O.; Gonsalves, K.M.; Koviach, J.L. Tetrahedron Letters. 2007, 48, 2431-2434. Moslin, R.M.; Jamison, T.F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15106-15107. Price, R.D.; Milne, S.A.; Sharkey, J.; Matsuoka. Pharmacology Therapeutics. 2007, 115, 292-306. Trzoss, L.; Xu, J.; Lacoske, M.H.; Mobley, W.C.; Theodorakis, E.A. Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4554-4557. Metcalf, T.A.; Simionescu, R; Hudlicky, T. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 3447-3450. Geng, X.; Danishefsky, S.J. Org. Letters. 2004, 6, 413-416.

The Industrial Heartland :: essays research papers

The Industrial Heartland There are basically seven factors that must be met before an industry can start to take place in a particular area. Those seven factors are: raw materials, transportation, energy, markets, labour, capital, and government. The Industrial Heartland is almost like one big industry, connected in a vast megalopolis. I'll be taking a closer look at these factors and the way this area meets the locational factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Industrial Heartland is an area that includes: Quebec, Ontario, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Connecticut, Wisconsin, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, Washington DC, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Delaware, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raw Materials(ex. iron ore, coal, limestone etc.) is an unprocessed material used as the base for primary industry. The Industrial Heartland has many different mining sites throughout it. (ex-the nickel mine in Ontario, mines in Pittsburgh, Gary, Baltimore, Hamilton, Sault Ste. Marie....etc.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Transportation is extremely important in this area. Most mines and mills are located by waterways to make transportation readily available for it's transport's. Coal, limestone, and many other kinds of mines use the Great Lakes to transport, which happens to be in the middle of the Industrial Heartland. They usually have tons of material to move so water transportation can carry lots of material, it's cheap, but it's also slow. Another important route in this region is the St. Lawrence Seaway, which was an significant factor in the decision of industries to locate in this region. Other main waterways in this region are: Ohio River, Mississippi River, New York State Barge Canal System, New York Harbour, Philadelphia Harbour, and Baltimore Harbour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also Railway to consider for transportation. They can almost go anywhere in this region, but they are more expensive than Waterway transport, and not as adaptable as trucks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truck hauling is considered the best for most of the transport. Though the cost of fuel has increased over the years, trucks are still the main carrier of cargo.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Energy, is one of the most, if not the most important factor for industries. Every industry needs power, energy. Some sources of energy are: Hydroelectricity, Thermal electric, natural gas, and coal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hydroelectricity is a good choice for energy for home requirements, but for industry, they need tremendous amounts of energy. To meet the requirements of an industries power, the industry would have to locate near the hydroelectric plant, and there is just simply not enough hydroelectric sites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thermal electricity is a commonly used power source for industry. It's convenient for the industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Markets refer to trade, selling of goods to consumers. The Industrial Heartland offers many places for markets, as it has a large population,

Natural Resources Essay -- Environment, Renewable, Non-renewable

Introduction Natural resources are the elements that are found naturally and useful. Natural resources include fuels, oil, natural gas, materials and timber. Natural resources could be renewable or non-renewable. Renewable are those resources that are substituted in nature e.g. animals plants and forests. Non-renewable are those resources that exist in set/limited/calculated amounts e.g. fossil fuels, coal etc Discussion The Natural resources are playing a key role to support and enhance the economy. As far as the Brazil concern, It is rich in natural resources and the new discovery(s) further fueling its growth and development towards the prosperous economy and future. Brazil is rich in the following natural resources such as: Metal Products, Fertilizer, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Foodstuffs, Textiles, Iron and Steel, Chemicals, Consumer Goods, Plastics, Shipbuilding, Machinery, Vehicles, Clothing, Paper Products, Wood Products and Cement. In late 2007, on the southeastern coast of Brazil the world’s biggest deep-water oil field was discovered. According to the estimate, this oil field is rich with five billion to eight billion barrels of natural gas and crude oil. This discovery of Brazil is the buzzword among the major energy exporters, and has given development structure to their pre-expanding economy. Now the Brazilian currency is stronger (rising 34% against the dollar, 2009), investment is mounting (foreign direct investment was 30%, 2009) and both are now constructed upon a firm foundation. This healthy statistics is the evidence that natural resources play a major role in the development and economy impetus. It should be remembered that natural resources are the main catalyst to construct and distract the loc... ...nce of its economic stability because low unemployment rate is the indicator of improved GDP. Although, China is also projecting some good picture but it is not as much promising as the Brazil has. (Trading economics, 2010) Conclusion After discussing the China, USA, France and Brazilian Economy, one thing that is inevitable to be concluded as per topic is that, natural resources are the key catalyst and key driven of any economy. These resources are the catalyst to make the investment decision and to develop or not to develop the relation with different nations. In other words, these natural resources are the major player to shape the world and its multicultural economies. If these natural resources are financed, value added and developed properly, the prosperity and the economical sustainability is guaranteed as one can see the wealth of middle-east.

Rocky Essay -- Personal Narrative

Rocky If you were to see Rocky for the first time and you were anything like most people, you would be overcome by a feeling of repugnancy and disgust. This is because he is a homeless person. His real name is Jack but people call him â€Å"Rocky† because of his 6’2† body and his somewhat larger than normal muscles. He doesn’t have the body of any average man. The combination of his light green eyes, his long brown beard, and his long mocha hair falling down from his winter hat, which he wears in every season, reminds me of a depiction of Jesus. But that’s just pure physical appearance. Most of the time, the hair around the rim of his mouth is covered by whatever food he just ate. Sometimes it’s white rice, sometimes it’s powder like that from a donut, but most of the time it’s just a mess and I can’t tell what it is. He’s a homeless clown, for lack of a better word. He likes to make people laugh, and often jokes around. As he smiles he displays a naked mouth. His two front teeth are missing and most of the others sit rotting away. He mumbles words almost to the point where it’s incohe...

Differences in Competencies Between Nurses Prepared at the Associate’s Degree Level Versus the Baccalaureate Degree Level Essay

Differences In Competencies between Nurses Prepared at the Associates Degree Level Versus The Baccalaureate Degree Level in Nursing It is sometimes difficult to differentiate between the associates degree nurse and the baccalaureate degree nurse. After all both levels of learning require passing the exact same exam in order to practice. However, there are some differences of learning between them. Two important differences are the educational curriculum and the quality of care given to patients. The associates degree nursing curriculum (AAS) is a two year program that prepares the nurse to apply technical and clinical skills upon graduation. The baccalaureate degree nursing (BSN) curriculum is a four year program that builds upon the technical and clinical skills of the AAS. Heights of learning is raised by incorporating psychosocial, ethical, legal, evidence based nursing into their curriculum. The first BSN program started out at the beginning of the twentieth century. Annie Goodrich, director of the first privately operated baccalaureate program at Yale University, believed that certain concepts in nursing should be built on the foundation of technical and clinical skills (Creasia and Friberg. 2011) Goodrich believed that the BSN field of study should address psychosocial and public health issues (Creasia and Reid. 2011). Todays BSN programs takes the AAS nurse out of the closed minded dome of just applying technical and clinical skills and into the world of other plateaus and horizons of nursing. This greater arc of nursing consists of addressing ALL pertinent needs that influences the health of individuals, families and communities. BSN nurses learn about legal, ethical, psychological, social and economic issues that pertains to health and health care. Upon receiving my AAS degree in nursing after a challenging two and one half years, I told myself that I needed a break from studying. After all I had completed the â€Å" hardest† part of nursing ; applying clinical skills. In my mind, I had climbed one of the highest mountains of learning, I did not quite get to the top, but its view was  in sight and I would get there some day. There were not any incentives that encouraged me to move forward because all the registered nurses in the hospital where I worked wore the same identical identification cards . Everyone had their name and the words staff nurse written. Another reason that discouraged me from pushing forth is that there was only a two thousand dollar yearly raise when you got the BSN. Many studies were done showing that the outcomes of the quality of care given by nurses that have BSN degrees and nurses with AAS degrees. Two of these studies stand out. One such study is the finding that baccalaureate degree nurses provided better outcomes in health care facilities. According to a study done in 1999 by Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Lake and Chaney, the mortality rate of hospital patients decreased when there was a patient ratio of four patients to one nurse, and when there was a sixty percent staffing of BSN nurses. Another important study is a study done by Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker and Giovanetti in March 2005, it was found that hospitals with a higher ratio of baccalaureate degrees resulted in a lower thirty day mortality rate of patient (Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker and Giovanetti. 2005) Nursing is a field of study that mandates that the whole person and all parts of the whole person be taken into consideration so that the nurse could give effective care to individuals. Nurses that hold AAS degrees in nursing have an incomplete â€Å" un-whole â€Å" education. This incompleteness shortens their nursing insight into the outerr stratospheres of nursing. A while back, I remember applying for a position as a Nurse-Family Partnership Nurse. I was confident that I would get the job, because I had solid years of experience. The position entailed doing home visits to first time mothers and teaching them how to take care of their infants. The position also entailed connecting these first time mothers with support services like food stamps and living skills specialists that would empower them. There was a measurable positive difference in the quality of these first time mothers and their infants with the guidance and direction of the BSN nurse ( A Career You  Can Feel Passionate About. Retrieved from www.nursefamily partnership.org). Needless to say, I did not get the position, because I did not have a BSN Degree. This was a wake up call for me. Today with all the solid evidence based studies on the better nursing outcomes with a higher staffing of baccalaureate degree nurses, health care facilities especially hospitals are resorting to hiring only the nurses that have their BSN degrees. Therefore it is imperative that AAS nurses continue on with their nursing education to deliver a better quality of care to individuals and to be more viable for positions that require the leadership of a baccalaureate nurse. References  A Career You Can Feel Good Passionate About. (n.d.) Retrieved from www.NURSEFAMILYPARTNERSHIP.ORG. Aiken, L.H., Clarke, S.P., Sloane, D.M., Lake, E.T., & Cheney, T. (2008, May). Effects of Hospital Care environment on patient mortality and nurse outcomes. Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(5). 223-229. Creasia, L.J., & Friberg.E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations : The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby. Eastbrooks, C.A., MIdodzi, W.K., Cummings, G.C. Ricker, K.L. & Giovanetti, P. (2005, March/April). The Impact of Hospital Nursing Characteristics on 30-day Mortality. Journal of Nursing Administration. 4 (718),958-968.

Raymond’s Run Essay

Raymond's Run Essay This is a story by the writer Toni Cade Bambara who describes the events that take place in the life of a skinny girl named Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, a little African-American girl with a squeaky voice that has passion to run. However the tale begins describing the members of her family, the author writes more about Hazel and her brother Raymond. Raymond is not quite right; apparently he suffers a metal disease. He’s bigger and older than Hazel, but a lot of people call him Hazel's little brother because he needs to be looking after. Squeaky† often takes strolls down Broadway so she can practice her breathing exercises while she keeps an eye on her brother all the time. She makes Raymond walk on the inside because he always makes fantasies so he starts thinking he's a circus performer and that the curb is a tightrope strung high in the air. Hazel is known as Mercury because she is the swiftest thing in the neighborhood, only her father can beat her to Amsterdam Avenue with Hazel having a two hydrant head start and him running with his hands in his pockets and whistling. Hazel is loyal to her brother, always ready to protect him. She’s a person, who doesn't tolerate standing and listening talks from somebody else, she likes to get right over things quickly. She doesn’t like much a girl named Gretchen and her friends Mary Louise Williams from Baltimore and Rosie because Gretchen’s a potential rival for the fifty-yard dash. She believes she’s tough, not a strawberry or someone who enjoys dancing on her toes, she likes to run and this passion had made her to win many trophies, ribbons and it’s because of her velocity. Every time just before she takes off in a race, she feels like she is in a dream, the kind you have when you've fever and feel hot and weightless. She usually dreams she flies over a sandy beach in the early morning sun, touching the leaves of the trees. She also perceives the smell of apples just like in the country when she used to think she was a choo-choo train. Near the end Hazel competes against Gretchen P. Lewis at the May Day races, she wins and Gretchen comes in second. This result makes her realize that she is not the only working person who tries hard to get things done, so she started to look her rival in a very different way with a big smile of respect between them. So there she was, thinking about all the prices she’s have got and that she could retire by the time, it occurred to her that she could train her brother to become a champion as the tradition of the family is. Other characters: * Her family: The mother, father and George. * Cynthia Procter * Mr. Pearson (Jack the Beanstalk)

Effects of Civil War on Women

There are several changes that the Civil War brought to civilian society and some of these are the following: First of all, the United States of America have been brought back together, which also means that the States from the Southern portions were not given the permission to break away or become independent (Effects.. , 2006). Second, the Southern areas were â€Å"placed under military rule and divided into military districts† (Effects.., 2006). This also caused these areas to â€Å"apply for readmission to the Union† (Effects.. , 2006). Third, the national or Federal government has proven itself to the civilians that its power may not at all be surpassed by the States (Effects.. , 2006). Fourth, the Civil War resulted in the liberation of slaves (Effects.. , 2006). Fifth, the Civil War established plans for the country’s â€Å"Reconstruction† (Effects.. , 2006).The â€Å"Reconstruction† was the government’s plan to deal with the following direct effects of the civil war: 1) the freedom of slaves resulted in problems with regard to housing, clothing, food, and employment; 2) the economic ruin led to having no money, closed banks, low supply of commodities, destruction of railroads and bridges, and devastation of plantation and crops; and 3) the defeat of the confederacy led to the South’s not having any government (Effects.. , 2006). Last but not least, industrialism was established because during the war, production increased, as well as, several new technologies were added (Effects.., 2006).The aforementioned became possible because of the following: 1) the freedom of slaves; 2) the economic ruin in the South; and c) the defeat of the confederacy (Effects.. , 2006). Effects of Civil War on Women During the Civil War, women were given the opportunity to assume roles that people believed only men can carry out, for instance, â€Å"as nurses, government clerks, factory workers, family farmers, factory workers, some even disguised as a man to serve in the military service, etc. † (Encarta, 2007). This was the beginning of the triumph of gender equality since this upheld the gender roles (Encarta, 2007).

Wgirl Wboy

CASE STUDY ON WBOY AND WGIRL CALENDARS Case study refers to the collection and presentation of detailed information about a particularparticipant or small group, frequently including the accounts of subjects themselves. A formof qualitative descriptive research, the case study looks intensely at an individual or smallparticipant pool, drawing conclusions only about that participant or group and only in thatspecific context. Researchers do not focus on the discovery of a universal,generalizable truth,nor do they typically look for cause-effect relationships; instead, emphasis is placed onexploration and description. CASE ANALYSIS INVOLVES THE FOLLOWING STRATEGIES: ? Situation Analysis ? External Environment-Opportunities and Threats ? Internal Environment- Strengths and Weakness ? Key Marketing Issues ? Statement of Objectives ? Generation and Evaluation of Alternatives ? Recommendations ? Implementation Plan Situation Analysis: Luke Atkins, from Richard Ivey school of Business at The University of Western Ontario-a personinterested in raising fund for charity purpose, planned to launch Wgirl and Wboy calendars whichwould feature both male and female students of Western Ontario. Atkins previously had experiencein using calendars for fund raising purpose. He used pictures of his rugby team for it. Now he isconcentrating for charities like Breast Cancer Society (women) and Jesse ’ s Journey Foundation (men)for patients with neuromuscular disease. The university also provides free calendars for studentswho can use them throughout their academic career. Other than that there are potential buyers forLondon Fire fighters who also provide free copies which student use them for exam notifications,assignment reminders. Luke Atkins targets local business-primary focus on the students on campus. He has potential threatsfrom the competitors as well as the cost they provide for sale of each calendar, So Atkins mustprovide a calendar of such quality and price that would satisfy the needs of students on campus. Forthis he has to analyse the environment for marketing as well as the cost for production of eachcalendars, promotion through ads and Internet, 12 models for each calendar type, their salary basedon sales, and all other cost for post production works etc. Atkins has two formats in mind forpublishing this calendar. 6 page model and 28 page model both of varying cost, the latter one he isnot sure of producing it. He is short of time to accomplish this project; he has to approach thecharity first and had to frame a marketing strategic plan for generating funds to achieve his goal. External Environment: [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic]Opportunities: The experience that Luke Atkins has in the field of Calendar Marketing will be of high value forpromoting his new business plan. So he can get his previous customers and also he can generatenew set of potential customers with his experience. The fund raising activity is meant for charity well being, so there will be a huge set of customers whoare light hearted and willing to help the needy. This can bring enormous scope and opportunity forhis new product. By concentrating on students community Atkins can generate customers who were in link with thosestudents too (like relatives and friends) and the marketing circle widens and create moreopportunity. Atkins should find his workforces who were interested to serve the charity and get the maximumamount of work from them. This will be highly useful since there is no need for huge investment foremployer ’ selection. The profits can be shared as commission which will be very low whilecomparing salary or incentives. Advertisement on calendars regarding the charity and other useful information ’ s will attract thecustomers. Threats: Very short amount of time is only remaining to complete this new project plan. So each and everydecision must be accurate and quick to meet the requirements. The manpower that Atkins has is not sufficient. To perceive the complete benefit he should reactquickly and improve the workforce limit to a high number. Atkins faces a serious threat from the Western University free publication of calendars to students,and also from its competitors London Fire fighters and others who were issuing different varieties of calendars in an attractive price. Sexy and attractive models should be utilized only for charity and their pictures should emphasizethat. If it is a little vulgar to what expected then the whole project is in threat. Internal Environment: Strengths: Atkins experience in calendar marketing will be a great strength for him in facing difficult situationduring the process of his new calendar. The reason for fund raising is for charity purpose. So he can market his product more efficiently thanany other since there is a soft corner for everyone to help the needy. Since he is targeting the students, he get expose to huge customer group which will be useful tolaunch his new calendar effectively. [pic] [pic][pic]Selling his product $3 less than his competitor will be a great strength to meet his all requirements. Marketing through Student sales representative and advertising through student union and radiostation and internet will be of great importance and strengths for his products. Since students themselves turn out to be a model, there will be a direct customer relationship development which will influence the students and anticipate them to buy his product. A separate photographer to enhance the quality of te product will be an additional strength. Advertisement on calendars can be helpful to increase profit as well as customers. Weakness: Lack of time to accomplish Atkins project efficiently. Cost of production will vary according to different format which may influence in reduction of profit. Compensation for models will increase the cost of production. Return on investment is still not clear before product promotion. Feasibility of the project and different strategy for marketing are yet to be finalized. The profit generated should be more in order to help the charity as well as to compensate theproduction and wages expenses. The location of marketing is very competitive since there are many competitors who are wellestablished. Work force is not ready yet, and Atkins has to find them quickly. Production cost for promoting the product through student union and internet seem to be costly. Photographer charge and the time he takes for preparing designs turns out to be a serious matter of concern. Confusion in designing two different formats of calendars and their cost is also a major problem. The start up cost is also not very clear. Key Marketing Issues: The selection of models and start up production cost should be finalized for initializing the newbusiness plan. Potential customers should be identified for targeting the market. Cost of eachcalendar and its quantity in production must be beneficiary to the management. Since the cost of single calendar is rated for $12, and 1000 copies of 16 page format calendar rated $2500, the cost of production matters that Atkins should produce each calendar with high quality ( both for black andwhite or colour) in order meet the expectation and goodwill. The promotional events planned forlaunching this new calendar must be effective and there must be no compromise of cost allocatingfor that. Photographer should be hired more in numbers in order to get positive benefits in qualityas well as variety in the model selection for the calendar to be attractive. The manufacturer ’ s [pic]

Walmart - International Logistics and Supply Chain Management Assignment

Walmart - International Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Assignment Example The chain store is renowned for its efficient supply chain management and control practices, which have enabled it to perform beyond the reach of its competitors in the consumer goods industry (Kallrath & Maindl, 2006). In particular, the company has employed state-of-the-art technologies in most of its operations to help improve service delivery. For instance, starting with bar coding to hasten its supply chain operations, Wal-Mart was among the first companies to follow up bar coding with RFID programs. Although the initial rollout of its RFID tagging programmes flopped, the current rollout, which started in 2010 is expected to be successful (Ingram et al., 2010). In fact, the latest rollout of Wal-Mart’s RFID program really excited its suppliers and vendors with the prospects of better and more efficient operations and increased profits. This paper explores Wal-Mart’s in-house fleet advantages and disadvantages, evaluates its state-of-the-art technologies and cross-d ocking operations. The Benefits of Cross-Docking to Wal-Mart In general terms, cross docking involves turning the demands from a company’s retail stores into purchase orders, which are then forwarded to manufacturers or suppliers (Kumar et al., 2009). The manufacturers then notify the stores about their capacity to produce and deliver the ordered goods in a timely manner. Once produced within the stipulated period, the goods are sent to a staging area where they are packed according to the procurement orders from different stores (Kumar et al., 2009). The goods are then delivered directly to the customers. The pre-requisites of docking are rather basic and easily monitored. The fundamentals pre-requisite are strong building foundations that support the entire cross docking process. The second pre-requisite is dedicated and experienced drivers who recognise and believe in prioritizing customer service above other things. Once employed, the drivers are filtered and assigned dut ies according to their capabilities. Further, the drivers’ reliability and competence to follow the laid down standards should be assessed. Wal-Mart also ensures that its drivers are committed to the standards set in the Private Fleet Driver Handbook. The drivers’ progress is then constantly monitored by the company so that the company is assured of the competence and reliability of its drivers. Fleet coordinators are also important in Wal-Mart’s cross docking operations as they inform drivers on expected time of arrival, departure and delivery of goods, which are quite precise according to Wal-Mart’s standards. Several changes had to be implemented in Wal-Mart’s managerial control if their cross-docking programmes were to be successful. Prior to the adoption of cross-docking, the company’s pricing, promotion and merchandising decision were centralised (Mentzer, 2001). However, with the implementation of cross-docking, focus was shifted to t he â€Å"demand chain† instead of the common supply chain. That is, instead of allowing retailers to push goods into the company’s shelves; customers did more of the pulling, according to their demands, tastes and preference (Kumar et al., 2009). Cross-Docking Saves Companies Time and Money Savings on time and money are the two most obvious and far-reaching benefits that Wal-Mart enjoys from using cross-docking. First, the company has the capacity not only to receive goods immediately but also the

The Relationship Between Smoking and SelfEsteem Essay

The Relationship Between Smoking and SelfEsteem - Essay Example In "Relationship Between Self-esteem and Smoking Behavior Among Japanese Early Adolescents (1999)," the authors define self esteem as "an evaluative term that reflects a persons perceptions about his or her personal characteristics and abilities" (p.1). In keeping with this definition, it is appropriate to discuss the ways that "self perception" is most unstable and negative during adolescence. Because this is the case, many studies focus specifically on self-esteem and its influence on one's decision to smoke during adolescence. Because studies have adequately demonstrated that long term smoke use often starts in the teen years, it is appropriate to focus on adolescent smokers and on why they were initially drawn to the habit, even with the understanding of its health risks and taboo-like nature. Although my own research will seek to demonstrate the connection between low self-esteem and smoking in college students rather than adolescents, it still remains relevant to explore the re asons why individuals initially take up smoking. Typically, these are many of the same reasons that these same individuals continue to smoke, and so this research will remain relevant through these same individuals' college years, giving way to my own research, which seeks to prove this connection among college students. So, given these reasons, this paper specifically explores smoking and self-esteem in adolescence in terms of the correlation between low self-esteem and initially starting to smoke. In their article, authors' Kawabata, Cross, Nishioka, and Shimai (1999) echo this idea when, after conducting in depth studies about self esteem and smoking, they report that, "One of the most important findings from this study is that self-esteem may be a factor associated with the initiation of smoking among early adolescents of both genders" (p.4) Many studies have proven that low self-esteem is linked to several risk taking behaviors. Perhaps this is because, as authors Luhtanen and Crocker (2005) state, "Low self-esteem is associated with negative emotions which may lead to behaviors that offer an escape from self awareness" (p.1). Like alcohol, drugs, and other types of addictions, smoking often offers adolescents an escape from the pressures that life inevitably brings during the difficult teenage years. Clearly, when an adolescent is dealing with issues such as self image, depression, stress, and low self worth, he or she is going to have less of a problem entertaining the idea of something that might be hazardous to their health. At this point, he or she is worried about issues that seem larger than the dangers of smoking and addiction. Specifically, if the smoking offers them some kind of solace from the world they are fighting with, of course they will be inclined to take the immediate escape. They are not thinking of long term consequences, but rather of the temporary feeling of relief that the cigarette can offer them. Of course, this type of thinking can become dangerous because there is no concern with potential dangers and/or consequences. It is simply immediate gratification that is sought. The idea is that perhaps if an adolescent was taught to value him or herself more, and led to have higher self worth, then this dangerous

Cs related essay Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cs related essay - Coursework Example On the other hand, supporters claim that outsourcing brings down prices giving economic advantages to all. Outsourcing entails hiring overseas freelancers or companies, situated anywhere around the globe, to perform tasks an employee, entrepreneur, or CEO would generally do him/herself or assign to employees of the company. ODesk, Freelancer, and Elance are outsourcing avenues, where providers, from every part of the world, offer their services online (Osnowitz 9). Ethical outsourcing is a key to its lasting success. Customers prefer to buy from trustworthy companies, who make their business deals transparent as well as treat their workers with integrity. When a company gets outsourced, the individuals who are removed from the main company have to shift the knowledge to the new workers who come to the board. In few cases, it does not suit the full requirements (Sheldon 48). There might be a gap in communication when an individual transfers their knowledge to the third party. One may lack interest to coach the third party individual, but he/she is forced to do it. In such a case communication honesty as well as doing the correct duties makes the interest of ethical issues since this is against the Freedom of Speech. There is language as well as cultural barriers when communicating with the abroad workers. The overseas employees communicate in broken as well as inexplicable English with Americans. As a result, the corporations have to concession on the product quality. Indirectly one sees, now days due to job outsourcing in a peek, abroad workers are excellent in communication as well as very gifted (Sheldon 51). They can effortlessly comprehend the state of affairs and end up with good thoughts, offer the quality, and safety of the product. Customers benefit from the product of the result. From a Utilitarian point of view, outsourcing is good because there is no requirement to compromise the safety and quality of the product. The